Transgressing Boundaries.

M.F.A. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018

Competing interests of undergraduate medical education and industry: integration into longitudinal curricular themes.

Abstract Recent changes in curricula around the globe with emphasis on teaching/learning and assessing professionalism in medical schools has been the priority. With the changing public expectations and professional demands, it has become imperative to develop clear guidelines and policies for students and faculty to better understand and meet the expectations of them as part of professionalism. In order to analyse this problem and highlight potential solutions, a literature search was conducted using Eric, Medline, Google Scholar and CINAHL Plus databases from 1985 to February 2013. We reviewed publications regarding the relationship between the pharmaceutical and device industry and medical education which is one of the most debated and divisive ethical issues. We also analysed the tenets of professionalism, including integrity, primary responsibility to our patients, self-regulation, and societal responsibility, as they provide the framework to make decisions that meet our standards and support the public and patient\u27s faith and trust in us. We propose that every lecture to medical students must include a standardised disclosure. Role modelling, on-going education, and creating policies that eliminate, instead of simply mitigating the negative consequences of faculty\u27s conflicts of interest, are specific interventions on which we will need to focus to prevent harm to future physicians, and most importantly, to patients

Research Models in Information Systems

The use of research models in driving scholarly investigation is of great importance in any field, including information systems (IS). As such, a taxonomy of IS research models should be of substantial value to the discipline. Such a taxonomy is developed in this article based on the IS research literature. Eleven model types are examined in detail in order to investigate how they are used by researchers, in articles published in seven leading IS journals during a recent six year period. Interesting results emerge in the use of models overall, as well as trends over time and relationships with specific methodologies and IS journals. Multi-tier influence diagram is the most used research model in IS research, while the no model, listing of variables, mathematical model, and simple influence diagram also find significant usage among the IS research community. Patterns of model use were also identified based on top journals and prevalent research methodologies

Electrocardiograms and related variables of dwarf beef cattle

Electrocardiograms from 12 compressed male (CM), 16 compressed female (CF), ten synthetic compressed female (SCF), nine brachycephalic female (BF), and 15 dolichocephalic female (DF) dwarfs from Davis, California, taken in the scapular lead S-II (prescapular position positive and right forelimb negative) were analyzed, The data on dwarf electrocardiograms were compared with normal Hereford cattle data obtained by Van Arsdel and Manning at Corvallis, Oregon. The average R-R, P-R, Q-T, and T-Q intervals, and the QRS duration did not differ among the dwarf subgroups. The average R-R, P-R, Q-T and T-Q intervals were 0.73, 0.20, 0.35, and 0.39 second, respectively, in dwarfs. These were significantly longer than the average intervals of 0.63, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.30 second, in normal Hereford cattle of Manning. Average QRS duration in dwarfs was 0.07 second and was near 0.08 second in normal Herefords found by Manning. The P, QRS and T wave forms of dwarfs did not differ specifically from those found in normal Hereford calves. The directions and potentials along P, QRS and T axes were determined from analysis of leads S-I (left forelimb position positive and right forelimb position negative), aVF (left hind limb connection positive and pooled right forelimb and left forelimb connection negative), and S-aVF (pre scapular position positive and pooled right forelimb and left forelimb connection negative). The average P-axis potentials of CM, CF, SCF, BF and DF dwarfs were 0.25, 0.29, 0.31, 0.32, and 0.35 millivolts, respectively; the average QRS-axis potentials were 0.91, 0.78, 0.85, 0.89, and 0.96 millivolts; and the average T-axis potentials were 0.34, 0.46, 0.54, 0.54, and 0.59 millivolts. The P-axis potentials of dwarfs were frequently higher than those for normal Hereford cattle reported by Van Arsdel. The average QRS-axis potentials of dwarfs ranged from 0.40 to 1.43 millivolts, while those of normal Hereford cattle of Van Arsdel ranged from 0.58 to 1.48 millivolts. The T-axis potentials of dwarfs ranged from 0.22 to 0.88 millivolts, while those of normal Hereford cattle of Van Arsdel ranged from 0.22 to 0.85 millivolts. The CF dwarfs had significantly lower average P, QRS and T potentials than did DF dwarfs. The P and T axis potentials were significantly lower in CM than in CF, SCF, BF and DF dwarfs. The P axes pointed ventrad, caudad and sinistrad in most dwarfs. The cones of the directions of P axes of CM, CF, SCF, BF, and DF dwarfs overlapped, and differences between cones were not marked. The P axes of the normal Herefords of Van Arsdel also pointed, in general, ventrad, caudad and sinistrad. The QRS axes were oriented cephalad, dorsad and sinistrad in the majority of the CM and CF dwarfs. The QRS axes of SCF, BF and DF dwarfs were oriented cephalad or caudad, dorsad, and dextrad or sinistrad. The T axes pointed ventrad, cephalad and dextrad or ventrad, caudad and sinistrad in most dwarfs. Differences among T axes of the dwarf subgroups were not marked. The T axes were oriented dextrad in 46 percent of the dwarfs and in 92 percent of the normal Hereford cattle of Van Arsdel. The average QRS/P angle was 141, 140, 128, 121, and 112 degrees in CM, CF, SCF, BF, and DF dwarfs, respectively, and was significantly higher in CM and CF dwarfs than in BF and DF dwarfs. The QRS/P angle ranged from 72 to 171 degrees in dwarfs and from 73 to 180 degrees in the normal Herefords. The average QRS/T angle was 130, 133, 145, 146, and 140 degrees in CM, CF, SCF, BF, and DF dwarfs and was not significantly different among dwarf subgroups. The QRS/T angle ranged from 94 to 172 degrees in dwarfs and from 91 to 178 degrees in the normal Hereford cattle of Van Arsdel. The P, QRS and T vector loops were obtained in the S-plane in seven SCF, six BF and eleven DF dwarfs. The differences among the loops were not marked

Multiple Mini-Interviews (MMI) and Semistructured Interviews for the Selection of Family Medicine Residents: A Comparative Analysis

Background. Family Medicine Residency Program at the Aga Khan University has applicants for the residency position in excess of the positions offered resulting in formulation of certain selection criteria. The objective of this study was to compare MMI versus semistructured interviews for assessing noncognitive domains in the selection of residents. The secondary objectives were to determine perceptions of the interviewers and candidates for the acceptability and feasibility of MMI as a selection tool. Methods: The candidates underwent semistructured interviews along with MMI and identical attributes were tested in both. The attributes tested were safe doctor, communication skills, professionalism, problem solving, team approach, ethical issues, reasons for selecting family medicine, and commitment to the program. Descriptive statistics were calculated and comparison between ratings for MMI and interview was performed by Wilcoxon sign rank test. Results: Total number of candidates was 14. On comparison between interview and MMI, the scores were not statistically different for all attributes except ethics (mean interview scores: 3.04, mean MMI scores: 2.5, and P value 0.046). Conclusion: The study showed no difference between MMI and semistructured interviews. However, it needs to be replicated in order to determine the predictive validity and feasibility of MMI over time

Research Methodologies in MIS: An Update

This article presents trends in published MIS research for an 11 year period, 1993-2003. It is an update of a previous article in CAIS (Volume 11, Article 16) that covered the period 1993-1997. All of the articles in seven mainstream MIS journals were examined in terms of subjects researched and methodologies employed to conduct research. Recent trends are presented and compared to those of the earlier study. The results clearly indicate the focus of efforts of researchers on information system usage and information systems resource management. The survey methodology still appeals to many researchers but increases in the use of mathematical models and laboratory experiments is an indication that the field is attaining maturity by using more rigorous research methods

Diversity in global virtual teams : a partnership development perspective

"This study is an attempt to develop and test a comprehensive model for Global Virtual Team (GVT) effectiveness based on development of collaborative partnership among diverse team members and the moderating role of collaborative technology and task. The conceptual model is based on traditional I-P-O framework for understanding GVT effectiveness. Team diversity in terms of surface level, functional, and deep level are treated as the central tenet of team inputs. Collaborative partnership elements are at the process level, moderated by task features and collaborative technology. At the outcome level, this study is more interested in GVT effectiveness as measured by team performance and individual team member satisfaction. Results from a field survey of 58 GVT in various industries indicate three levels of diversity and confirm the moderating role of task interdependence and collaborative technology. Results do not confirm the moderating role of task complexity on the relationship between diversity and collaborative partnership. Results also confirm mediating role of collaborative technology on the relationship between diversity and GVT effectiveness."--Abstract from author supplied metadata