Rewriting portuguese women’s history at international expositions (1889-1908)

This article aims to understand how the changing nature of industrial schooling contributed to the erasure of women’s participation. Industrial schooling, manual work and the politics of exposition were increasingly conceived as male, despite the Portuguese tradition of female artisanal production. With the promotion of technological modernization, at the turn of the nineteenth century, women’s artisanal or mechanical productions were no longer considered “industrial;” henceforth they ceased to be recognized as a professional activity and were mistakenly categorized as homework. Marques Leitão and António Arroio appear as key players in this process through their efforts to redesign industrial schooling with a representation of industry that was more limited than before. In the process they repositioned women’s work firmly within the home, introducing a vision of feminine domesticity which had not held sway in Portugal until then. In the first three decades of the twentieth century, both men consolidated their vision of industrial schooling through written reports and studies that synthesized the legal and pedagogical changes that they defended. These documents, written by “experts” in the field, served as precious primary sources. Reality is the product of what is said and what is left unsaid. In this case, the material traces left by the industry of women lace workers in expositions offers a suggestive way to rewrite this history.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Introdução: género, educação, cidadania… o desafio

A inclusão da Educação para a Cidadania como uma componente transversal ao currículo traduz o reconhecimento de que a cidadania se aprende e que essa aprendizagem implica aquisição de conhecimentos e de competências que permitam o seu pleno exercício, em condições de igualdade, por mulheres e homens. Centrando-se este guião na problemática do género, esta constituiu, por um lado, o horizonte de partida e o tema privilegiado no desenvolvimento dos temas abordados na primeira parte e, por outro lado, o horizonte de chegada das sugestões de atividades apresentadas na segunda parte. O desafio será o de a integração da dimensão do género, quer nas práticas educativas no âmbito da Educação para a Cidadania, designadamente através de atividades e projetos a desenvolver nas áreas disciplinares não curriculares, quer na orientação vocacional.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Colloque international - Paysages de la vie quotidienne: Regards croisés entre la recherche et l’action

S’il est vrai que la très grande majorité des populations européennes vit aujourd’hui dans des espaces urbains ou périurbains, il est difficile d’affirmer que les paysages qu’elles vivent aient fait l’objet d’une attention particulièrement exigeante de la part de l’action politique. Ces paysages sont souvent considérés comme dégradés et peu amènes, et portent souvent les stigmates de l’exclusion sociale et de la détérioration des conditions de vie. Le colloque que le ministère français de l’écologie, de l’énergie, du développement durable et de la mer, la Généralitat de Catalunya, la Communauté d’Agglomération de Perpignan, les villes de Perpignan et de Girona se proposent d’organiser en 2011 a précisément l’objectif de reconsidérer ces paysages qui sont vécus quotidiennement par des millions de citoyens européens ou des autres continents sous l’angle d’une part des projets d’amélioration dont ils ont pu être les objets, sous l’angle des « valeurs particulières qui sont attribuées par les acteurs et les populations concernés » et d’autre part, sous l’angle de la mobilisation de ces derniers pour les revaloriser. Les nombreux pays membres du Conseil de l’Europe qui ont ratifié la Convention Européenne du Paysage se sont engagés notamment à donner une place privilégiée aux paysages du quotidien et « à mettre en place des procédures de participation du public, des autorités locales et régionales, et des autres acteurs concernés par la conception et la réalisation des politiques du paysage ». Qu’en est-il réellement ? Quelle est la place que les procédures mises en œuvre par les institutions publiques et les collectivités territoriales ont accordée à la négociation et à la participation des acteurs dans l’amélioration de la qualité des paysages ? Parmi ces expériences, quelles sont celles qui permettent d’affirmer que ces formes de négociation et de participation sont un gage de réussite ? Et au-delà des projets relevant des institutions politiques, qu’en est-il de ceux que développe le milieu associatif qui entend contribuer à l’amélioration du paysage cadre de vie des populations. Par ailleurs, les projets d’aménagement paysager, parfois dénommé projet de paysage ou les opérations de planification territoriale à dimension paysagère sont de plus en plus considérés comme des processus qui évoluent en se nourrissant des enseignements que l’expérience collective d’analyse et d’action apporte. Le projet d’aménagement paysager conçu comme processus dans le temps et dans l’espace exige-t-il des méthodes particulières et lesquelles ? Enfin, les paysages du quotidien sont fortement affectés par l’ensemble des projets d’aménagement du territoire ou de développement économique : qu’en est-il alors de la dimension paysagère ? Ces diverses questions ne sont pas adressées uniquement à la communauté scientifique. Elles interrogent également les acteurs institutionnels et politiques et les praticiens du paysage. Ce colloque est donc ouvert au dialogue entre les méthodes opérationnelles et les méthodes cognitives. Cette ouverture porte évidemment une double exigence : d’une part de donner la parole aux « fabricants » de paysage, quels qu’ils soient (professionnels, élus, experts, membres d’ONG ou simples habitants) mais également aux chercheurs et surtout de favoriser le dialogue entre ces deux catégories. D’autre part, de fournir au débat les données qui permettent d’évaluer l’efficacité des méthodes mises en œuvre et parmi celles-ci les méthodes fondées sur la participation ou l’échange et le partage de la connaissance ou des objectifs de l’action. Mais lorsque l’on évoque l’efficacité, il ne s’agit pas de restreindre la question de la qualité des paysages à leur seul aspect esthétique. Il s’agit également de savoir si les méthodes mises en œuvre dans des projets ont permis d’accéder aux exigences du développement durable et en particulier si elles ont pu garantir l’équité sociale générationnelle et intergénérationnelle ou la qualité des milieux et de la biodiversité ; tout en permettant aux individus et aux catégories sociales de trouver leur place au sein de la société et de penser l’avenir avec optimisme, pour eux-mêmes et pour leurs descendants. Comment se croisent et s’interpellent réciproquement les notions de paysage et de développement durable ? Comment notamment est prise en compte la dimension temporelle dans les projets et les politiques publiques ? Quelles conséquences sur les projets, leur mode de production et leur gouvernance ? Comment ces notions sont elles intégrées dans les pratiques professionnelles ? Si d’emblée, cette proposition a mis l’accent sur les paysages de forte densité démographique, c'est-à-dire a priori urbains et périurbains, il ne faudrait cependant pas croire que les paysages ruraux, de montagne ou du littoral sont exclus de la réflexion collective. Ils sont également vécus quotidiennement par leurs habitants et ils entretiennent avec les premiers des relations qui portent en elles-mêmes des complémentarités ou des antagonismes qu’il s’agira de justifier et de mettre à jour. Ils sont porteurs, comme les paysages urbains de nombreuses expériences de participation et de négociation sociale

Optimizing rearing and welfare in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalesensis) broodstock: effect of ambient light intensity and handling time on stress response

Broodstock rearing conditions and handling procedures should be optimized in aquaculture species in order to benefit fish welfare and guarantee optimal conditions for spawning. In teleosts, basal cortisol levels display daily rhythms, oscillating along the 24 h of the day. In this sense, handling fish at different moments of the day may lead to different stress responses. The present study aimed at investigating the optimal rearing conditions for Senegalese sole broodstock, considering ambient light intensity and handling time. The optimal light intensity (50, 100 or 200 lx) was investigated by measuring fish cortisol levels and monitoring locomotor activity rhythms under each intensity tested. Results showed a significant increase in cortisol levels of fish exposed to 200 lx, when compared to values obtained under 100 lx, accompanied by changes in locomotor activity rhythms in both tanks under study. These results suggested that 200 lx may be too high as light intensity for this species, whereas 100 lx seems to be more adequate. Also, daily rhythms of stress response were investigated in breeders from different origins (Wild and first generation, G1). Basal cortisol levels and cortisol stress response after an acute stressor (air exposure) were monitored at two distinct moments of the day (Mid-Light and Mid-Dark). Basal levels were higher during the day in the wild group, while G1 fish seemed to have lost the daily fluctuations in basal cortisol plasma levels, as well as their daily rhythms of locomotor activity. Both groups showed lower stress responses during night-time, an indication that this is an adequate period of the day to handle this species. Senegalese sole breeders born in captivity presented more pronounced stress responses when compared to wild fish, reflecting their different life history in terms of stress challenges.FP7/SME/2008/1; UID/Multi/04326/2019; DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0007; DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0033info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A construção da invisibilidade das mulheres trabalhadoras: uma perspetiva histórica

As mulheres sempre trabalharam é já uma expressão recorrente nas investigações de diversas áreas do saber, em particular da História, e foi utilizada, mesmo, no título de uma obra de Sylvie Schweitzer (2002), para sublinhar a importância de orientar as pesquisas para a revelação e entendimento dos processos de invisibilização das mulheres trabalhadoras, contrariando a noção de que o acesso das mulheres ao trabalho teria sido uma conquista do século XX. Este texto pretende contribuir para clarificar, numa perspetiva histórica, como se construiu e continua a construir a invisibilidade das mulheres trabalhadoras, através da problematização de alguns dos mecanismos que a fabricaram e a sustentam.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

High Nature Value Farming in Portugal.

High Nature Value (HNV) farming systems are inherently valuable for biodiversity. They use semi-natural pastures, meadows and orchards, as well as species-rich arable land, and often retain a wealth of landscape features. HNV farming is present in all European countries, with a diversity of types and extent. Apart from being the cornerstone of European farmland biodiversity, these types of farming provide a multitude of other services for society, including sustainable rural economies, and the rich social fabric and character of Europe’s landscapes. The environmental, socio-cultural and territorial significance of HNV farming is increasingly recognised, but greater awareness is needed amongst policy makers and the wider public. This chapter on Portugal is part of a book presenting an overview of HNV farming across 35 European countries, describing the main characteristics and presenting examples of farming systems, farms and farmers. Beside the country chapters there are thematic chapters looking at a range of issues of farming, nature, economy and policy. In Portugal exists an immensely rich heritage of traditional farming systems, almost all of which are still of High Nature Value. Some of these use large-scale semi-natural areas – the baldios and lameiros of the north and the montado in the south. Others are characterised by low-intensity mosaics – small-scale permanent cropping farms in the south and especially the typical smallholdings of the northern uplands. Both the area of farmland and the number of farmers have declined steeply over recent years; all HNV farmland associated with small farms are in practice severely threatened. On the southern latifundia, the picture is more complex – cork prices maintain a relatively good income, but the quality of management of many montados is in decline, with both localised intensification and abandonment. New intensive systems are being put in place, included irrigated low nature value olive monocultures. A territorial vision for Portugal’s agricultural landscapes is only in its infancy; this is a severe impediment to the development of holistic and targeted support for HNV farming systems. Economic marginalisation has allowed the survival of Portuguese HNV farming systems into the early 21st century; a socio-economically and ecologically sustainable future for those systems or their modern successors requires an end to their political marginalisation

Tecnologias de produção de frio: estudo e análise de medidas de eficiência energética

Ao longo dos últimos anos tem sido crescente a preocupação com os consumos energéticos, sendo necessário intervir de forma a reduzir os consumos e assim manter a sustentabilidade do planeta. A indústria alimentar é dos setores mais importantes, sendo os sistemas de refrigeração os seus principais consumidores de energia elétrica (EE), ocupando assim a maior parte da fatia do consumo da instalação cerca de 75% [1]. Desta forma surge o presente artigo que pretende identificar oportunidades de eficiência energética na indústria alimentar, nomeadamente, no setor das carnes. Foram estudadas duas instalações e identificadas possíveis medidas de redução dos consumos de EE

Facebook as an educational artefact?: the Reviver na Rede project

A presente comunicação, em que se assume o registo de ensaio, propõe-se explorar a possibilidade do Facebook constituir um artefacto promovedor de aprendizagens (in)formais no contexto da Educação Aberta, tendo como exemplo o caso prático do projeto REviver na Rede. A revolução digital impulsionou o paradigma da sociedade rede com impacto nos estilos de vida, cada vez mais virtuais e online, estimulando novas formas de aprendizagem. Por exemplo, já não somos apenas meros consumidores de informação, mas tornamo-nos também produtores de conhecimento. Estas dinâmicas estão, progressivamente, a transformar as instituições e os processos educacionais, fazendo emergir novas metodologias de ensino/aprendizagem, como o movimento dos Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) e fortalecendo outras já existentes, no âmbito da Educação Aberta. Por isso, consideramos que a relação entre as redes sociais e a educação em geral é inevitável. Atualmente o Facebook tornou-se um gigantesco e global palco virtual, no qual se promovem comportamentos e novas possibilidades de interação, configurando-se como um recurso significativo para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem; simultaneamente, também se tornou num disseminador de práticas e experiências educativas. As novas ferramentas digitais trouxeram à educação a possibilidade de construir novos e diferentes artefactos educacionais, tanto no seu processo de construção como na forma como são disponibilizados, manuseados e apreendidos. São objetos de aprendizagem, muitos assumindo as características definidoras dos REA, utilizados como meio para adquirir um determinado saber nele contido, permitindo construir conhecimentos novos de forma imersiva e interativa. Embora o tradicional conceito de artefacto nos remeta para um objeto físico, no atual contexto tecnológico pode deixar de ser apenas uma peça de hardware e assim entrar no campo do software. Assume, pois, uma dimensão digital, conquistando uma nova vida e possibilidades próprias, advindas deste ambiente virtual. Recuperando a pergunta inicial, “O Facebook como Artefacto Educacional?”, concluímos que o Facebook tem vindo a emergir na Educação, assumindo várias valências. Para além de instrumento (artefacto) educacional, digital e multimédia, também é visto como tendo um papel muito relevante na disseminação e construção do conhecimento.This communication, in which we assume the essay format, proposes to explore the possibility of Facebook being a contributing artefact of formal learning (in) in the context of Open Education, taking as an example the practical case of the REviver na Rede project. The digital revolution has boosted the paradigm of network society with an impact on lifestyles, increasingly virtual and online, stimulating new forms of learning. For example, we are not only mere consumers of information, but we also become knowledge producers. These dynamics are progressively transforming educational institutions and processes, making new teaching/learning methodologies emerge, such as the movement of Open Educational Resources (OER) and strengthening existing ones in the open education. Therefore, we consider that the relation between social networks and education in general is inevitable. Currently Facebook has become a gigantic and global virtual stage, in which behaviors and new possibilities of interaction are promoted, configuring as a significant resource for the teaching and learning process; simultaneously, it has also become a disseminator of educational practices and experiences. The new digital tools have brought to education the possibility of building new and different educational artefacts, both in its construction process and in the way, they are made available, handled and seized. They are learning objects, many assuming the defining characteristics of the OER, used as means to acquire a certain knowledge contained therein, allowing to build new knowledge in an immersive and interactive way. Although the traditional concept of artefact refers us to a physical object, in the current technological context can cease to be just a piece of hardware and thus enter the field of the software. It therefore assumes a digital dimension, conquering a new life and its own possibilities, arising from this virtual environment. Recovering the initial question, "Facebook as Educational Artefact?" we conclude that Facebook has been emerging in Education, assuming several valences. In addition to educational, digital and multimedia instrument (artefact), it is also seen as having a very relevant role in the dissemination and construction of knowledge.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

How are “farmers” adapting in Southern Portugal? Assessing land management typologies in a transition theory perspective.

European rural landscapes face today several changes due to market liberalization, price instability, energetic crisis, food quality and security, etc. Rural landscapes in the Mediterranean peripheric region of Alentejo (Southern Portugal) mainly managed under extensive farming systems are especially vulnerable to this global scenario, as farms traditionally base their income on production functions, unable to be competitive in this world market with the commodities they provide. These landscapes face severe threats of simplification and abandonment. But because of their extensive character and specific features, these landscapes maintain environmental and cultural values progressively demanded by society for non-commodity functions like leisure, nature conservation and identity. An increasing group of land managers (including full-time and part-time farmers, hobby farmers, business man or simply new residents) is emerging in these attractive areas giving expression to what some authors call the multifunctional transition bounded between a more productivist and more post-productivist management; or both, as they can overlap in time, space and structure. So, how are land managers adapting to society’s demand and global changes? How can land management in these peripheric landscapes better adapt to the new requirements and survive in a globalized environment? What are the local requirements for these new management strategies and forms to survive ?In this communication we intend to assess the different land management types identified in a protected area where the new functions related to the provision of public goods have already some expression, motivating land managers to adapt in different ways. The typology is anchored on the transition theory perspective and aims at identifying the possible innovative approaches for lands management in Mediterranean extensive landscapes. Propose

European Landscapes in Transition – Implications for Policy and Practice

European rural landscapes as we experience them today are the result of ongoing processes and interactions between nature and society. These are changing fast: the future landscapes will be different from those we know currently. Written for academics, policy-makers and practitioners, this book is the first to explore the complex histories of rural landscapes in Europe as a basis for their sound governance in future. Tensions between the needs of agricultural spaces driven by economic incentives and a variety of non-agricultural functions are explored to demonstrate current challenges and the shortfalls in the policies that address them. Using inspiring case studies that highlight the roles of regional agents and communities, the authors go further than the usual analyses to illustrate the importance of local context. Written by experts currently working to revitalise the rural landscapes of Europe, the text concludes with suggestions for improving landscape policy and planning practice