Divergência genética entre acessos de cajazinho (Spondias mombin L.) no norte do Espírito Santo

O estudo da diversidade genética proporciona informações fundamentais, nos programas de melhoramento genético de plantas, em relação à caracterização, conservação e utilização dos recursos genéticos disponíveis.se, com este trabalho, avaliar a divergência genética entre 35 acessos de cajazinho (Spondias mombin L.), com base em características físicas e químicas dos frutos. Os acessos foram selecionados nos municípios de Linhares e Sooretama, Região norte do Espírito Santo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variação entre e dentro dos 35 acessos, dispostos em cinco repetições de um fruto, totalmente ao acaso, para investigar a variabilidade genética entre os acessos de S. mombin. Existe divergência genética entre os acessos de S. mombin L., sendo C.3 o mais divergente. Os métodos de otimização de Tocher e o hierárquico UPGMA foram parcialmente concordantes quanto à formação dos grupos heteróticos de progênies de S. mombin L. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram acidez total titulável (33,33%), peso de fruto (28,68%) e o diâmetro polar (9,80%)

Primary Health Care from the perception of women living in a rural area

AbstractOBJECTIVEUnderstanding the perception of women living in a rural area about the actions and services of Primary Health Care (PHC) in a municipality of southern Brazil, which is the only one regarded as predominantly rural.METHODA descriptive study of qualitative approach, carried out with women who lived in the countryside and required health services in the 15 days prior to collection.RESULTSThe results registered low fidelity to PHC attributes, focusing its functional axis on sickness, transforming the unit into small points of emergency care and a bureaucratic place where patients are referred to other types of services. The quality of service offered is compromised to offering quick, fragmented and unequal treatment in the rural context.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study highlight the need for greater efforts in order to adequate the new care model in the development of appropriate actions as designated by PHC in the rural context studied

Outcome measures associated with perceived stress

We tend to think of situations in life as stressful when they are unpredictable, uncontrollable or overloading. Stress is a very personal experience. Perceived stress is a reflection of how such external stressful events and everyday hassles are ‘filtered’ according to our individual personality traits and coping strategies. People with tinnitus describe various stress-related complaints, but these symptoms are not just restricted to tinnitus. Poor concentration, sense of loss of control, sleep disturbance and irritability are also shared with people who are experiencing a state of generalised anxiety or depression. Whatever their origin, the goal of any clinical intervention for people with tinnitus should be to reduce these negative symptoms. This chapter takes a look at the way in which perceived stress associated with tinnitus has been measured. My focus is on clinical trials, but I start from the perspective of questionnaire construction by describing and comparing tinnitus-specific and general stress measures. I then evaluate how these instruments have been applied in a range of contemporary tinnitus trials. The chapter includes tutorials that introduce the reader to fundamental concepts in clinical trial design, understanding the purpose of questionnaires and appreciating the relevance of sample size calculations

Avaliação da utilidade do exame histopatológico como rotina em tonsilectomias Evaluation of the utility of histopathologic exam as a routine in tonsillectomies

A tonsilectomia é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas em todo o mundo. Apresenta uma grande variedade de indicações, seja em adultos ou crianças. É comum o envio do material retirado para exame histopatológico, seja para análise de material suspeito ou como documentação médico-legal de prova de remoção. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a necessidade e o custo do exame histopatológico de rotina para tonsilectomias. METODOLOGIA: Revisado o resultado histopatológico de todas as tonsilectomias no período de 1978 a 2004 num hospital universitário e analisado o prontuário dos casos encontrados de malignidade. RESULTADOS: Um total de 2.103 resultados de análise histopatológica foi analisado. Desta amostra, apenas quatro casos apresentaram algum tipo de malignidade, sendo todas elas linfomas do tipo não-Hodgkin e já suspeitados antes da cirurgia. DISCUSÃO: A literatura mundial encontra resultados semelhantes e cada vez mais se avalia o envio para análise de todos os casos de tonsilectomia. O custo do exame é alto e seu resultado, nos casos de malignidade, pôde ser previsto em todos os casos antes da cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: Análise histopatológica de todas as tonsilectomias de rotina não está indicada. Os fatores de risco estabelecidos por Beaty deveriam guiar a solicitação de análise histopatológica, para assim conseguirmos diminuir os custos com exames desnecessários.<br>Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures of the head and neck. It is performed for a wide variety of indications in both adults and children. It is common to send the material achieved in the surgery to routine histopathologic exam, as to analyze suspected material or for a medical-legal documentation. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the utility and cost of routine histopathologic diagnosis for tonsillectomy. METHODOLOGY: retrospective study of the histopathologic result of all tonsillectomies between 1978 and 2004 in a university hospital and analyzed the files of the patients with cancer. RESULTS: 2103 results of histopathologic exams were analyzed. Of these, only four cases presented any case of malignancy, being all of these non-Hodgkin lymphoma and already suspected before the surgery. DISCUSSION: The world literature has encountered similar results and each time more the histopathologic analysis of all cases is questioned. The cost of the exam is high and your results, in the case of malignancy were already knew before the surgery. CONCLUSION: Histopathologic analysis of all tonsillectomies is not indicated. The risks factors established by Beaty should guide the solicitation of the exam, to try to low the costs with unnecessary exams

Ecological Aspects of Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Cave of the Speleological Province of Bambuí, Brazil

Phlebotomines are invertebrate hosts of Leishmania genus species which are etiological agents of leishmaniases in humans and other mammals. Sandflies are often collected in entomological studies of caves both in the inner area and the adjacent environments. Caves are ecotypes clearly different from the external environment. Several caves have been opened to public visitation before any studies were performed and the places do not have scientific monitoring of the fauna, flora, geological and geographical characteristics. These events can lead to the loss of geological and biological information. Considering these aspects, this study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna, including the ecological features, in a limestone cave at the Speleological Province of Bambuí (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). A total of 8,354 specimens of sandflies belonging to 29 species were analyzed: Lutzomyia cavernicola (20%), Nyssomyia intermedia (15%), Martinsmyia oliveirai (13%), Evandromyia spelunca (12%), Evandromyia sallesi (11%), Migonemyia migonei (9%), Nyssomyia whitmani (9%), Sciopemyia sordellii (4%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2%). The others species represent 5% of the total. This manuscript presents data found on richness, diversity, evenness and seasonality, comparing the sand fly fauna trapped in the cave and its surroundings