Another expert system rule inference based on DNA molecule logic gates

With the help of silicon industry microfluidic processors were invented utilizing nano membrane valves, pumps and mi-croreactors. These so called lab-on-a-chips combined together with molecular computing create molecular-systems-on-a-chips. This work presents a new approach to implementation of molecular inference systems. It requires the unique representation of signals by DNA molecules. The main part of this work includes the concept of logic gates based on typical genetic engineering reactions. The presented method allows for constructing logic gates with many inputs and for executing them at the same quantity of elementary operations, regardless of a number of input signals. Every microreactor of the lab-on-a-chip performs one unique operation on input molecules and can be connected by dataflow output-input connections to other ones

Systematic Review on Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) Diagnosis, Treatment and Management

Introduction Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare but increasingly recognized complication where an embryo implants on the cesarean section scar. The incidence of CSP is rising in parallel with increasing global cesarean rates, posing significant health risks such as severe bleeding and uterine rupture. Early and accurate identification using criteria like the gestational sac's position within the scar and specific ultrasound features is crucial for preventing severe outcomes. Aim of the Study To evaluate the diagnostic criteria and various treatment strategies for CSP, assessing their effectiveness and challenges. Materials and Methods A review  of  the  literature  collected  in  the PubMed  database  was  performed  to  gather information found under the key words cesarean scar pregnancy," “ectopic pregnancy,” "CSP treatment," "uterine artery embolization," "methotrexate," "hysteroscopy," "dilation and curettage," and "chemoembolization."   Summary The review discusses various treatment strategies, including methotrexate administration, UAE, and surgical options like hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, highlighting their effectiveness and associated challenges. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring treatments to individual patient conditions, with newer methods like chemoembolization showing promise in minimizing complications. The findings underscore the need for a personalized treatment approach, considering patient-specific factors and health goals. Further research is needed to refine these strategies and improve outcomes for those affected by CSP

Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Night Shifts: A Review of Strategies for Enhancing Health Outcomes in Shift Workers

Introduction and PurposeShift work, essential for continuous operation in industries like healthcare, transportation, and security, disrupts circadian rhythms and adversely affects health. This review consolidates findings on the multifaceted impacts of night shift work, emphasizing interventions to mitigate these effects and improve worker health and well-being. Brief Description of the State of KnowledgeNight shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to cognitive decline, sleep disorders, mental health risks, cardiovascular issues, metabolic disturbances, and cancer susceptibility. Effective interventions include limiting shift lengths and frequency, incorporating rest breaks and napping, aligning meal times with circadian rhythms, using melatonin supplementation and light therapy to improve sleep quality, engaging in regular aerobic exercise, and employing stress management techniques. Summary Implementing proposed interventions can mitigate the adverse health effects of night shift work, enhancing worker well-being, efficiency, and job satisfaction. Tailoring strategies to different age groups optimizes effectiveness, with structured approaches beneficial for older workers and flexible options suitable for younger workers. Further research should explore long-term intervention effects and develop personalized strategies for diverse populations. This review provides comprehensive guidelines for managing the health impacts of night shift work, supporting improved patient safety, reduced accidents, and enhanced work performance across various industries

The Beneficial effects of alternative methods, with an emphasis on yoga, for patients affected by pain associated with endometriosis

Aim of the study The aim of this systematic review is to compare studies published since 2017 to evaluate whether yoga and other alternative methods should be recommended to patients with endometriosis and associated pain. As alternative methods, particularly yoga, have gained popularity in recent years, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure that these approaches are scientifically valid. This systematic review examines the effects of practicing different types of yoga and possible advantages of other alternative methods that could be potentially beneficial on pain management for patients suffering form endometriosis.  Methods This review synthesizes findings from twenty studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies. ConclusionThe results consistently indicate significant improvements in the quality of life for patients with endometriosis. Yoga, as both a physical and mental practice, appears to be beneficial in managing pain. Although there are some limitations related to study design and variability, the evidence strongly supports the benefits of yoga in managing pelvic pain. Future research should focus on identifying which specific types of yoga practices offer the greatest benefits

The Effects of Oral Collagen Supplementation on Skin Aging

This systematic review evaluates the effects of oral collagen supplementation on skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction. Collagen, a key protein in the skin, decreases with age, causing visible signs of aging. The review synthesizes findings from 31 articles, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, focusing on the efficacy of hydrolyzed collagen (HC), collagen tripeptides (CP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides (LMWCP). The review also highlights collagen peptides' role in stimulating collagen synthesis, improving skin barrier function, and promoting hydration. Despite some limitations, the evidence supports collagen supplements, as a non-invasive option for improving skin health.    Aim of the Study The study aims to evaluate the impact of oral collagen supplementation, particularly hydrolyzed collagen (HC), collagen tripeptides (CP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides (LMWCP), on improving skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction.   Materials and methods A  review  of  the  literature  collected  in  the PubMed  database  was  performed  to  gather information found under the key words “collagen supplementation," "skin aging," "hydrolyzed collagen," "collagen peptides," "skin hydration," "skin elasticity," and "wrinkle reduction.

Diabetic kidney disease: what we know so far - literature review

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting approximately 40% of diabetic patients and representing the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This review delves into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic advancements in DKD. Key pathological mechanisms include hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Modern treatments, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists, offer renoprotective benefits by improving endothelial function, reducing inflammation, and mitigating oxidative stress. The review also highlights the importance of timely initiation and optimization of therapies to slow DKD progression and explores new avenues such as epigenetic therapies and autophagy enhancement. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term benefits and optimal use of these treatments in DKD management

Creatine - the impact of supplementation on the human body

Introduction Creatine is an endogenously occurring compound in the human body and one of the most extensively studied dietary supplements used worldwide. It is synthesized in the human body, primarily in the kidneys and liver, and is supplied through a diet rich in animal-based foods. Creatine is a nitrogenous compound composed of three amino acids: glycine, arginine, and methionine. It plays a crucial role in the body's metabolism, and therefore, the function of many organs and systems depends on its levels. Aim of the study The aim of this study was to discuss the role that creatine plays in the body. A summary of the effects of creatine supplementation in sports and various disease conditions was provided. The study also explored the metabolism of creatine and focused on the best available form of creatine and its dosing regimen. Materials and methods The study was based on articles searched in the PubMed database, published between 2006 and 2023. The following keywords were used for the search: "creatine," "creatine supplementation," "creatine monohydrate," "creatine supplement," and "creatine effects." Conclusion Creatine is one of the most popular chemical compounds that occur endogenously in the muscle cells of the body. It is a nitrogenous compound primarily produced in the liver, and its levels can be further increased with creatine supplements. The most widely available and well-studied form on the market is creatine monohydrate. Until recently, creatine supplementation was only associated with sports, but it is now used in various disease conditions and supports the function of many organs

The Issue of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) – epidemiology, risk factors and prevention. Literature review.

Abstract Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs) present significant challenges for modern medicine. ICU patients are particularly vulnerable to HAI due to: severe conditions, frequent invasive procedures and extensive antibiotic use. It is estimated that about 9-20% of patients in intensive care units are affected by healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and half of all hospital-acquired infections occur in the ICU. The antibiotic resistance is becoming a widespread issue. The incidence of HAIs caused by multi-dtug pathogens, especially Gram-negative bacteria, is dramatically rising. Uderstanding risk factors, epidemiology, routes of transmission, preventive measures may form the basis for limiting the spread of health-associated infections (HAI) caused by multidrug-resistance pathogens. Effective prevention measures comprise proper antibiotic management, personnel control and elimination of risk factors. Additional strategies like selective digestive decontamination (SDD), pathogen screening and isolation of infected patients may be considered to the successful control of outbreaks. Further studies are needed to better understand the transmission, epidemiology and prevention of multidrug-resistance infections. This review summarizes current knowledge on antibiotic resistance, risk factors, epidemiology and prevention methods of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in ICUs

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Management and Prevention

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health concern for pregnant women, associated with various adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. This systematic review consolidates the current understanding and research on GDM, focusing on its prevalence, prevention, and treatment strategies. The review aims to highlight key findings and areas for future research, emphasizing the need for high-quality, inclusive studies to substantiate the effectiveness of various interventions. The review discusses the pathophysiology of GDM, the impact of maternal and neonatal adverse effects, and the comparison of treatment options such as insulin and metformin. Additionally, the study examines lifestyle interventions, dietary supplementation, and the use of probiotics as preventive measures. Accurate prevalence estimates are essential for the effective allocation of health resources and the development of prevention and management policies to address the rising rates of GDM. This review underscores the importance of standardized diagnostic criteria and screening strategies to obtain accurate and comparable prevalence estimates, ultimately aiming to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes

Impact of microplastics on human health: exposure mechanisms and potential health implications

Microplastics are a pervasive environmental contaminant and represent a newly emerging threat to human health. They enter the body through various pathways, including food consumption, drinking water, and inhalation. The present study is concerned with the issue of dietary and inhalational exposure to microplastics. The presence of microplastics has been identified in a range of food products and drinking water, with analyses of faecal samples also indicating their passage through the human digestive tract, thereby suggesting the potential for their absorption by the body. It is also important to consider the potential for inhalational exposure, given the presence of microplastics in the air. This suggests that inhalation by humans may also be a possibility. Furthermore, these particles have been identified in sputum samples from patients and lung tissues, indicating the potential for bioaccumulation and the induction of inflammatory responses.   While there is documented evidence of microplastics in the human body, there is currently a lack of specific data on their impact on human health. The available evidence from animal studies and in vitro models indicates that microplastics have the potential to traverse epithelial barriers in the digestive and respiratory systems, resulting in inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and, in extreme cases, tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, microplastics may act as carriers for heavy metals and toxic chemicals, thereby increasing the risk of neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and potentially carcinogenic effects. Further research, including long-term clinical studies, is required to gain a full understanding of the impact of microplastics on human health.&nbsp