СВЕТОВНАТА ФИНАНСОВА КРИЗА: ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ И ПРЕДПРИЕТИ МЕРКИ – КРАТКА ХРОНОЛОГИЯ

This article attempts to describe in brief the main effects as well as the foundation of the world finance crisis 2008/2009. The reaction of the governments of the concerned countries is examined and analyzed. The necessity for coordinated actions and strong collaboration between the governments, on the one hand and with the international financial institutions, particularly with the IMF, on the other hand is underlined. Thorough analysis of the G-20 countries London summit on April 2, 2009 in London is presented with an emphasis on the specific measures undertaken. Instead of a conclusion, special attention is paid on the unsolved problems

Molecular and morphological characterisation of <i>Ulva chaugulii, U. paschima</i> and <i>U. ohnoi</i> (Ulvophyceae) from the Persian Gulf, Iran

Abstract Species of Ulva are distributed worldwide in various aquatic habitats and their morphological characters change considerably in response to environmental conditions, which makes identification in this genus problematic. All Ulva species so far described from the Persian Gulf, Iran, have been identified by classical taxonomic methods. In this study, Ulva spp. collected from the Persian Gulf were identified by combined morphological and molecular methods. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 and the rbcL gene in 15 specimens, representing typical morphotypes of over 50 samples. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic reconstructions using ITS and rbcL revealed clades, which we identified as Ulva chaugulii, U. paschima and U. ohnoi. These three species have not been recorded from the Persian Gulf, Iran before. The morphology of U. chaugulii differed considerably from its species description, showing further evidence for extreme intraspecific variation in morphology in this cosmopolitan genus.</jats:p

Bioactivity assessment of selected seaweeds from the Persian Gulf, Iran

Marine algae are known to produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds to be used in pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, as well as toxicity of algal extracts from some selected seaweeds including Sargassum angustifolium, Cystoseria myrica (Phaeophyta) and Acanthophora muscoides, Chondrophycus papillosus (Rhodophyta). The n-hexane extract of Sargassum angustifolium showed potent toxicity against Artemia franciscana. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Sargassum angustifolium showed higher reducing power and total antioxidant capacity, respectively. In antimicrobial aspect, the seaweed extracts had the highest antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. This study revealed the potential toxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the studied seaweeds from the Persian Gulf, which make them suitable candidate as ingredients in pharmaceutical industries