Temporal tensions: EU citizen migrants, asylum seekers and refugees navigating dominant temporalities of work in England

This article considers the role of temporality in the differential inclusion of migrants. In order to do this we draw on research which examined the working lives of a diverse group of new migrants in North East England: Eastern European migrants arriving from 2004 and asylum seekers and refugees arriving from 1999. In so doing we emphasise both distinct and shared experiences, related to immigration status but also a range of other dimensions of identity. We specifically consider how dominant temporalities regulate the lives of new migrants through degrees, periods and moments of acceleration/deceleration. The paper illustrates the ways in which dominant temporalities control access and non-access to particular, often precarious forms of work – but also how migrants attempt to navigate such restrictions through their own use and constructions of time. We explore this in relation to three 'phases' of time. Firstly, through experiences of the UK asylum system and work prohibition. Secondly for a broader group of participants we explore the speeding up and slowing down of transitions to and progression within work. Lastly, we consider how participants experience everyday temporal tensions between paid employment and unpaid care. Across these phases we suggest that dominant orderings of time and the narratives which make sense of these, represent non-simultaneous temporalities that do not neatly map onto each other

Opportunity or necessity? Conceptualizing entrepreneurship at African small-scale mines

This article critically examines the policy environment in place for artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) – low-tech, labour-intensive mineral extraction and processing – in sub-Saharan Africa, with a view to determining whether there is adequate ‘space’ for the sector's operators to flourish as entrepreneurs. In recent years, there has been growing attention paid to ASM in the region, particularly as a vehicle for stimulating local economic development. The work being planned under the Africa Mining Vision (AMV), a comprehensive policy agenda adopted by African heads of state in February 2009, could have an enormous impact on this front. One of its core objectives is to pressure host governments into Boosting Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining by following a series of streamlined recommendations. It is concluded, however, that there is a disconnect between how entrepreneurship in ASM has been interpreted and projected by proponents of the AMV on the one hand, and the form it has mostly taken in practice on the other hand. This gulf must be rapidly bridged if ASM is to have a transformative impact, economically, in the region. © 2017 Elsevier Inc

Trans-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction With Different Classes of Parameterization

International audienceThe use of Bayesian trans-dimensional sampling in 2-D and 3-D imaging problems has recently become widespread in geophysical inversion. Its benefits include its spatial adaptability to the level of information present in the data and the ability to produce uncertainty estimates. The most used parameterization in Bayesian trans-dimensional inversions is Voronoi cells. Here we introduce a general software, TransTessellate2D, that allows 2-D trans-dimensional inference with Voronoi cells and two alternative underlying parameterizations, Delaunay triangulation with linear interpolation and Clough-Tocher interpolation, which utilize the same algorithm but result in either C 0 or C 1 continuity. We demonstrate that these alternatives are better suited to the recovery of smooth models, and show that the posterior probability solution is less susceptible to multimodalities which can complicate the interpretation of model parameter uncertainties