Inner Shell Ionization with High Velocity Positive Ions

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant PHY 76-84033 and Indiana Universit

Evaluation of Two Non-destructive Methods for Estimating Biomass in a Prairie

The estimation of above ground biomass is important in managing natural resources, like assessing habitat conditions. Direct, destructive measurements by clipping, drying, and weighing plant matter is time consuming and labor intensive. It is of interest to develop non-invasive methods to complement or replace direct vegetation harvest. Two non-invasive methods were evaluated, light penetration and visual obstruction, in the Purdue Wildlife Area prairie. Light penetration in the grassland plots were measured using a Decagon light stick (LP-80), 5 cm from the ground and above the plants. Estimation of visual obstruction was done using a Robel pole, which focuses on the height and density of the vegetation. Plots were also clipped to provide direct measurements. The relationship between clipped and estimated biomass was significant for both non-invasive methods. However, visual obstruction had higher correlation (R2 = 0.74) than light penetration (R2 = 0.41). This could provide a basis for future interest in predicting biomass using the Robel pole method as a complement to direct clipping of vegetation. Robel pole is easy and cheap to make, allowing research to track the growth and changes of natural resources throughout the growing season

L-Subshell Ionization with High Velocity Positive Ions

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants PHY 76-84033A01, PHY 78-22774, and Indiana Universit

The Optical Potential for 6-Li Scattering at 154 MeV

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants PHY 76-84033A01, PHY 78-22774, and Indiana Universit

The Multiplicity of K X-Rays Emitted in (6-Li,xn) Reactions

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants PHY 76-84033A01, PHY 78-22774, and Indiana Universit

The Decay Modes of High-Spin Compound Nuclei Produced in 6-Li-Induced Fusion Reactions

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants PHY 76-84033A01, PHY 78-22774, and Indiana Universit

Scattering of 99-MeV 6-Li Ions

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant PHY 75-00289 and Indiana Universit

Phenomenological and Microscopic Optical-Model Descriptions of 99 MeV 6-Li Scattering

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants PHY 76-84033A01, PHY 78-22774, and Indiana Universit

Combining Contemporary and Paleoecological Perspectives for Estimating Forest Resilience

In the face of dramatic climate change and human pressure acting on remaining forest areas across tropical, temperate and boreal biomes, there has emerged a coordinated effort to identify and protect forests that are currently considered “intact”. These forests are hypothesized to be more resilient to future abiotic perturbations than fragmented or degraded forests, and therefore, will provide more reliable carbon storage and/or biodiversity services into an uncertain future. Research in the fields of contemporary and paleoecology can offer valuable insights to enhance our ability to assess resilience of forests and whether these would be comparable across forest biomes. Contemporary ecological monitoring has been able to capture processes acting over the short-to-medium term, while paleoecological methods allow us to derive insights of the long-term processes affecting forest dynamics. Recent efforts to both identify intact forests, based on area definitions, and assess vegetation climate sensitivity globally have relied on satellite imagery analysis for the time period 2000–2013. In this paper, we compare these published datasets and do find that on average intact forests in boreal and tropical biomes are less sensitive to temperature and water availability, respectively; however, the patterns are less clear within biomes (e.g., across continents). By taking a longer perspective, through paleoecology, we present several studies that show a range of forest responses to past climatic and human disturbance, suggesting that short-term trends may not be reliable predictors of long-term resilience. We highlight that few contemporary and paleoecology studies have considered forest area when assessing resilience and those that have did find that smaller forest areas exhibited greater dynamism in species composition, which could be a proxy for declining resilience. Climatic conditions in the Anthropocene will be pushing forest systems across biomes into novel climates very rapidly and with current knowledge it is difficult to predict how forests will react in the immediate term, which is the most relevant timeframe for global efforts to reduce carbon emissions