"No quiero regalos. Solo quiero que cambien las leyes". Cuidados, reciprocidad y desigualdad

La feminización de las migraciones en el marco de la “globalización de los cuidados” es un fenómeno que se consolidó en España a partir de la década de los noventa con la llegada de mujeres migrantes. Los estudios sobre las cadenas globales del cuidado pudieron demostrar de qué forma las mujeres migrantes facilitan la vida reproductiva de familias españolas, manteniendo vigente la división sexual del trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el derecho a vivir en familia de mujeres migrantes trabajadoras del hogar, a partir de tres casos de mujeres latinoamericanas que trabajan por horas en domicilios particulares de Barcelona. Me propongo también, reflexionar desde la antropología sobre cómo se enmascaran las relaciones de explotación bajo formas de reciprocidad e intercambio de favores, dones y regalos, en el servicio doméstico.Palabras clave: migraciones; trabajadoras del hogar; servicio doméstico; cuidados; globalización de los cuidados; reciprocidad.AbstractSince the 1990s, care in Spain has become globalized while, simultaneously, migration has become feminized, as an influx of migrant women has arrived to work as care providers. Several investigations of global care chains have shown how these women facilitate the reproductive life of many Spanish families and allow them to preserve a sexual division of labor.  I analyze the family life rights of migrant domestic workers and their strategies of reconciling work and family life, through three cases of Latin American migrant women who work by the hour in several households. I argue that in domestic work and paid care in these private households, exploitation is disguised as the reciprocal exchange of “gifts” and “favors.”Keywords: migrations; domestic workers; domestic service; care; globalization of care; reciprocity

ODR 3.0? Lessons from Sri Lanka, India, Kenya and Haiti

Aquest article ofereix una revisió sintètica de l'estat actual dels serveis de resolució en línia de disputes (ODR) en el panorama internacional per, a continuació, presentar alguns dels nous serveis que poden inspirar la configuració d'una nova generació de serveis d'ODR, que hem denominat ODR 3.0. Encara que les plataformes 3.0 aquí presentades no tinguin com a objectiu directe la gestió i la resolució de conflictes mitjançant tècniques com la mediació, la conciliació o l'arbitratge (sí, en certs casos, la negociació), l'impacte que estan demostrant en àmbits afins (per exemple, en la gestió d'emergències i crisis) no pot passar desapercebut en una reflexió sobre el futur del mateix ODR.Este artículo ofrece una revisión sintética del estado actual de los servicios de resolución en línea de disputas (ODR) en el panorama internacional para, a continuación, presentar algunos de los nuevos servicios que pueden inspirar la configuración de una nueva generación de servicios de ODR, a la que hemos denominado ODR 3.0. Aunque las plataformas 3.0 aquí presentadas no tengan como objetivo directo la gestión y resolución de conflictos mediante técnicas como la mediación, la conciliación o el arbitraje (sí, en ciertos casos, la negociación), el impacto que están demostrando en ámbitos afines (por ejemplo, en la gestión de emergencias y crisis) no puede pasar desapercibido en una reflexión sobre el futuro del propio ODR.In this article, we review the current state of online dispute resolution (ODR) services worldwide, followed by the presentation of some of the newer services that may inspire the configuration of a new generation of ODR services, what we call "ODR 3.0". The main objective of these 3.0 platforms is not to manage and resolve conflicts through mediation, conciliation or arbitration, although negotiation is involved in some cases. However, the impact they are having in related fields, such as emergency or crisis management, should be mentioned in a reflection on the future of ODR

Justícia de proximitat i de pau en perspectiva

Des de fa uns anys, un bon nombre d'estats, regions i ciutats han impulsat un seguit d'iniciatives al voltant del que es coneix com a justícia de proximitat o, en l'àmbit anglosaxó, community justice. L'emergència d'aquests projectes, programes o desenvolupaments legislatius, per bé que variats quant a forma i dimensió, s'emmarca en un context social -el de les societats occidentals avançades- on destaquen dos elements rellevants. D'una banda, el sentiment creixent d'inseguretat en algunes àrees metropolitanes (la sensació d'una major violència i conflictivitat als barris) i, com a conseqüència d'això, la degradació de la convivència ciutadana i dels espais públics. I de l'altra, els dèficits de l'administració de justícia ordinària o, si més no, les seves dificultats i rigideses a l'hora de donar resposta a aquests fenòmens complexo

A modal-spectral model for flanking transmissions

A model for the prediction of direct and indirect (flanking) sound transmissions is presented. It can be applied to geometries with extrusion symmetry. The structures are modelled with spectral finite elements. The acoustic domains are described by means of a modal expansion of the pressure field and must be cuboid-shaped. These reasonable simplifications in the geometry allow the use of more efficient numerical methods. Consequently the coupled vibroacoustic problem in structures such as junctions is efficiently solved. The vibration reduction index of T-junctions with acoustic excitation and with point force excitation is compared. The differences due to the excitation type obey quite general trends that could be taken into account by prediction formulas. However, they are smaller than other uncertainties not considered in practice. The model is also used to check if the sound transmissions of a fully vibroacoustic problem involving several flanking paths can be reproduced by superposition of independent paths. There exist some differences caused by the interaction between paths, which are more important at low frequencies.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Introduction : bringing a new vision to online dispute resolution

This article offers a brief overview of the state-of-the-art ODR domain by presenting the contributions to the field made by the participants in this volume. It also examines some of the challenges that ODR face at present with regard to interoperability and the new evolutions of the Web 2.0. Finally, it also considers the need for a new vision of ODR that, while keeping pace with the technological developments of the Web, situates the users the center of the paradigm

Effects of inherited structures on inversion tectonics: Examples from the Asturian Basin (NW Iberian Peninsula) interpreted in a Computer Assisted Virtual Environment (CAVE)

Map shows mid-nineteenth century Texas counties, major cities, towns, roads, railroads, and areas of Native American habitation. Includes detailed notes on map. Insets: "Plan of Sabine Lake," "Plan of the Northern Part of Texas," and "Plan of Galveston Bay." Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings on inset. Scales [ca. 1:2,350,000], [ca. 1: 529,000], [ca. 1:3,800,000], and [ca. 1:887,000]

A boundary algebraic formulation for plane strain elastodynamic scattering

Solving of elastodynamic problems arises in many scientific fields such as wave propagation in the ground, non-destructive testing, vibration design of buildings, or vibroacoustics in general. An integral formulation based on boundary algebraic equations is presented here. This formulation leads to a numerical method with a discretised boundary. An important advantage of the method over the standard boundary element method (BEM) is that no contour (2D) or surface (3D) integral needs to be computed. This feature is helpful in order to obtain a discrete version of the combined field integral equations (designed to damp numerically the fictitious eigenfrequencies) without difficulties caused by the evaluation of hypersingular integrals. The key aspects are: (i) the approach deals with discrete equations from the very beginning; (ii) discrete (instead of continuous) tensor Green's functions are considered (the methodology to evaluate them is demonstrated); (iii) the boundary must be described by means of a regular square grid. In order to overcome the drawback of this third condition the boundary integral is coupled, if needed, with a thin layer of finite elements. This improves the description of curved geometries and reduces numerical errors. The properties of the method are demonstrated by means of numerical examples: the scattering of waves by objects and holes in an unbounded elastic medium, and an interior elastic problem.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft