Changes in the Austrian structure of wages, 1996-2002: evidence from linked employer-employee data

Analyzing data from the Structure of Earnings Surveys we find that wage dispersion in Austria increased marginally between 1996 and 2002. There was an increase in the returns to education which accrued only to male workers. The positive effects of tenure and especially of experience on wages decreased over time. We adopt the Machado-Mata (2005) counterfactual decomposition technique which allows to attribute changes in each wage decile to changes in worker and workplace characteristics and into changes in returns to these characteristics. Behind the small net increase in inequality we document a number of interesting gross effects that influence the wage distribution. We find that both composition effects due to gender, education and age and market-driven effects such as changes in returns and changing workplace characteristics contributed to a higher dispersion of wages. JEL Classification: J22, J31Machado-Mata decomposition, quantile regression, Wage Structure

Changes in the Austrian structure of wages, 1996-2002: evidence from linked employer-employee data

Analyzing data from the Structure of Earnings Surveys we find that wage dispersion in Austria increased marginally between 1996 and 2002. There was an increase in the returns to education which accrued only to male workers. The positive effects of tenure and especially of experience on wages decreased over time. We adopt the Machado-Mata (2005) counterfactual decomposition technique which allows to attribute changes in each wage decile to changes in worker and workplace characteristics and into changes in returns to these characteristics. Behind the small net increase in inequality we document a number of interesting gross effects that influence the wage distribution. We find that both composition effects due to gender, education and age and market-driven effects such as changes in returns and changing workplace characteristics contributed to a higher dispersion of wages

The external validity of giving in the dictator game: A field experiment using the misdirected letter technique

We investigate the external validity of giving in the dictator game by using the misdirected letter technique in a within-subject design. First, subjects participated in standard dictator games (double blind) conducted in labs in two different studies. Second, after four to five weeks (study1) or two years (study2), we delivered prepared letters to the same subjects. The envelopes and the contents of the letters were designed to create the impression that they were misdirected by the mail delivery service. The letters contained 10 Euros (20 Swiss Francs in study2) corresponding to the endowment of the in-lab experiments. We observe in both studies that subjects who showed other-regarding behavior in the lab returned the misdirected letters more often than subjects giving nothing, suggesting that in-lab behavior is related to behavior in the fiel

Active educational cooperation between universities and adult education centres. A progress report on the project “U niversity Meets Public” and the Adult Education Centre science programme

Aktiven Bildungskooperationen zwischen Universitäten und Volkshochschulen scheint heute nichts mehr im Wege zu stehen. Und doch ist diese Annäherung nicht nur Anlass für Überschneidungen, sondern teilweise auch für Konkurrenz. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht entlang einer Beschreibung des Schnittstellenprojektes „University Meets Public“ die Perspektiven der Kooperationspartnerinnen zusammenzuführen. „University Meets Public“ ist heute Teil des Wissenschaftsprogrammes der Wiener Volkshochschulen (kurz „VHS Science“) und ermöglicht vier Wiener Universitäten mit Vortragsreihen und einem World Café die Öffnung für die lokale Bevölkerung. VHS Science bietet seit 2012 neben den University Meets Public-Angeboten auch Vorträge, Kurse, Workshops und Podiumsdiskussionen von und mit nationalen und internationalen WissenschafterInnen und schließt damit an das Verständnis von Popular Education im Sinne eines Empowermentprojektes an. (DIPF/Orig.)Nothing hinders the process of active educational cooperation between universities and adult education centres anymore. However, this narrowing of the gaps between universities and adult education is an occasion not only for the overlapping of ideas but also in some cases for competition. This article attempts to unite perspectives of cooperation by describing the project “University Meets Public”. This project is part of the outreach programme of the Viennese Adult Education Centres (abbr.: “VHS Science”) and allows four Viennese universities to reach the local population through lecture series and a World Café. Since 2012, VHS Science has offered “University Meets Public” in the form of lectures, courses, workshops and panel discussions by and with national and international researchers, thereby supporting the concept of popular education as empowerment projects. (DIPF/Orig.

Visual Analytics for Understanding Draco's Knowledge Base

Draco has been developed as an automated visualization recommendation system formalizing design knowledge as logical constraints in ASP (Answer-Set Programming). With an increasing set of constraints and incorporated design knowledge, even visualization experts lose overview in Draco and struggle to retrace the automated recommendation decisions made by the system. Our paper proposes an Visual Analytics (VA) approach to visualize and analyze Draco's constraints. Our VA approach is supposed to enable visualization experts to accomplish identified tasks regarding the knowledge base and support them in better understanding Draco. We extend the existing data extraction strategy of Draco with a data processing architecture capable of extracting features of interest from the knowledge base. A revised version of the ASP grammar provides the basis for this data processing strategy. The resulting incorporated and shared features of the constraints are then visualized using a hypergraph structure inside the radial-arranged constraints of the elaborated visualization. The hierarchical categories of the constraints are indicated by arcs surrounding the constraints. Our approach is supposed to enable visualization experts to interactively explore the design rules' violations based on highlighting respective constraints or recommendations. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the prototype confirms the prototype's effectiveness and value in acquiring insights into Draco's recommendation process and design constraints.Comment: To be presented at VIS 202

Geld als Beschränkung kapitalistischer Akkumulation

Diese Arbeit versucht, die Instabilitäten des kapitalistischen Entwicklungsgedankens aus regulationstheoretischer Perspektive zu identifizieren. Als Paradebeispiel einer neoliberalen Umstrukturierung dient Mexiko, welches nach Zahlungsunfähigkeit 1982 dem Einfluss internationaler Finanzorganisationen sowie (über-)mächtigen Staaten des Zentrums unterlag. Die regulationstheoretische Analyse stellt die Bewusstmachung des mexikanischen Akkumulationsmusters sowie die geld- und währungspolitische Stabilisierung seit dem Regierungsantritt Salinas de Gortari 1988 in den Vordergrund. Zuerst werden die Strukturen des mexikanischen Binnenmarkts, das mexikanische Außenhandelssystem und vor allem die finanzbasierte Akkumulation mithilfe der drei Typisierungsachsen (extensive/intensive; extravertierte/intravertierte; produktive/finanzielle Akkumulation) analysiert. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit legt den Fokus auf die monetäre Restriktion in einem kapitalistischen Wirtschaftssystem. Die geldpolitischen Stabilisierungsversuche führen in Mexiko zu einer Verlagerung von einer produktiven zu einer fiktiven Akkumulation. Diese Entwicklung kann im Bereich der Währungs-, Geld- und Wechselkurspolitik sowie in der Veränderung institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen am Finanzmarkt und auch der Verschuldungspolitik gezeigt werden. Dies lässt die Vermutung eines finanzbasierten Regulationsdispositivs zu. Die Positionierung der mexikanischen Akkumulation und monetären Restriktion führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass in Mexiko von keiner Stabilisierung der politischen, ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Ordnung gesprochen werden kann. Viel mehr steht die Dominanz von Finanz- und Exportkapital im Vordergrund, die sich in ihrer hegemonialen Machtposition abwechseln.This thesis tries to identify the instabilities of the capitalist idea of development from a Regulation Theory perspective. Mexico provides a convincing example of neoliberal restructuring, which was a subject of the influence of International Financial Institutions and powerful states after insolvency in 1982. The regulationist analysis accentuates the awareness of the Mexican accumulation pattern and the monetary stabilization since Salinas de Gortari became Prime Minister in 1988. In this analytic process the structure of the Mexican domestic market, the Mexican foreign trade system and especially the finance-based accumulation are analyzed based on the three axes of accumulation: (extensive/intensive; extroverted/intraverted, financial/productive accumulation). The second part of the thesis focuses on monetary restriction in a capitalist economic system. The monetary stabilization policy leads to a shift from productive to a fictitious accumulation in Mexico. This development can be shown in the area of monetary, financial, and exchange rate policies, as well as changes in the institutional framework of the financial sector and the debt management strategy. This allows the hypothesis of a finance based regulation dispositive. The positioning of the Mexican accumulation and monetary restriction leads to the result that there is no stabilization in the political, economic, and social order of Mexico. Instead it seems that the dominance of financial and export capital alternate in their hegemonial power

Tetra‐Face‐Capped Octahedra in a Tetrahedra Network

Tetrahedra-based nitridophosphates show a rich structural chemistry, which can be further extended by incorporating cations in higher coordinated positions, for example, in octahedral voids or by substituting the nitrogen atoms in the network with other anions. Following this approach, SrAl5P4N10O2F3 was synthesized at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions using a multianvil press (1400 °C, 5 GPa) starting from Sr(N3)2, c-PON, P3N5, AlN, and NH4F. SrAl5P4N10O2F3 crystallizes in space group urn:x-wiley:09476539:media:chem202301960:chem202301960-math-0001 with a=11.1685(2) and c=7.84850(10) Å. Atomic-resolution EDX mapping with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) indicates atom assignments, which are further corroborated by bond-valence sum (BVS) calculations. Ten Al3+-centered octahedra form a highly condensed tetra-face-capped octahedra-based unit that is a novel structure motif in network compounds. A network of vertex-sharing PN4 tetrahedra and chains of face-sharing Sr2+-centered cuboctahedra complement the structure. Eu2+-doped SrAl5P4N10O2F3 shows blue emission (λem=469 nm, fwhm=98 nm; 4504 cm−1) when irradiated with UV light