Informed dispersal based on prospecting impacts the rate and shape of range expansions

Acknowledgements This model was initially designed during the Purple Patch Pumpkin meeting in the Corbières (France) in October 2018 and we thank all participants for fruitful discussions. Funding AP was funded by a European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 753420 (EcoEvoProspectS project).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

De la fiction d’une absence à l’autofiction d’une présence : l’écriture de la mort de la mère dans l’œuvre de Jorge Semprun

“Night has enshrouded my childhood” write Jorge Semprun. Civil War and exile have erased any trace of the childhood he spent in Madrid. What was left to the writer were only flashes of memory and an old picture of his mother. Jorge Semprun was eight years of age when his mother died of septicemia. Through writing, thirty years later, he was able to evoke her death, but how was he to tell about her absence? Between fiction and reality, five of Jorge Semprun’s novels recreate his childhood. His mother will first of all be an absence or an implicit presence behind his relating the city of his childhood. Having set the scene, ghostly characters whose identities are undefined but whose discourses become more and more outlined will appear. The mother will become a nostalgic absence. Her features, her character will be sketched out. Jorge Semprun will move forward hiding behind the multiple identities of his characters and the freedom which fiction provides him. It will be up to the last character, a fictive double of the writer, to find the last traces of a mother who has turned into a haunting presence

Le moi, la fiction et l'histoire dans les oeuvres de Serge Doubrovsky, Georges Perec et Jorge Semprun

This thesis addresses the relationship between writing about oneself, writing about History and how three contemporary authors – Serge Doubrovsky, Georges Perec and Jorge Semprun – fictionalized themselves. The first two sections’ aim is to establish biographical, historical and literary guidelines, indispensable to the better comprehension of an individual, an era and a literary landscape. On the basis of information collected like so, the third and fourth sections analyse the characteristics of writing about oneself when dealing with History. This discussion is articulated around two axis: that of childhood and that of quest for identity. From underlining theme, History progressively becomes an obsessive motif. The fifth section highlights the stigmas in the text elements. We conclude with a discussion on the notion of “textual tribunal.”Cette thèse examine les rapports entre écriture de soi, écriture de l’Histoire et mise en fiction chez trois auteurs contemporains : Serge Doubrovsky, Georges Perec et Jorge Semprun. Les deux premières parties ont pour objet de poser les repères biographiques, historiques et littéraires indispensables à la compréhension d’un individu, à l’appréhension d’une époque et d’un paysage littéraire. Sur la base des données ainsi réunies, les troisième et quatrième parties analysent les caractéristiques de cette écriture de soi, aux prises avec l’Histoire, autour de deux axes : celui de l’enfance et celui de la quête identitaire. L’Histoire de thématique va progressivement devenir motif obsédant. La cinquième partie met en relief les stigmates présents dans le corps des textes. Nous concluons autour de la notion de « tribunal textuel »

Simple settlement decisions explain common dispersal patterns in territorial species

Dispersal is one of the least-understood aspects of animal behaviour. For example, little is known of the mechanisms that determine how individuals express different dispersal behaviours in different circumstances. Uncovering these mechanisms is important for our understanding of spatial population dynamics. Using agent-based simulations, we examine how simple decision rules generate individual-level dispersal plasticity, and how this can influence population-scale dispersal dynamics. We model a territorial, monogamous population inhabiting a completely homogeneous environment. Dispersal variability therefore emerges solely as a result of between-individual interactions (competition, settlement, reproduction), which are governed by simple decision-making algorithms. We show that complex dispersal dynamics, including sex biases and strong density dependence, emerge naturally from simple rule-based behaviours. Dispersal is particularly sensitive to the inclusion of mate availability as a criterion for settlement: if neither sex evaluates mate availability, dispersal distances tend to decline at low densities, leading to a strong Allee effect from reduced pairing success. If one sex evaluates mate availability (females), Allee effects are largely avoided, but female-biased dispersal generates increasingly male-biased adult sex ratios at low densities. Sex biases are eliminated if both sexes evaluate mate availability, but population growth rates tend to be reduced due to survival costs and reduced pairing success. Our models suggest that simple decision mechanisms can explain several dynamic patterns that are commonly observed among territorial species. Importantly, these patterns emerge in the absence of environmental heterogeneity or between-individual variation in dispersal phenotypes, two conditions that are often invoked to explain dispersal heterogeneity in nature. This has implications for studies seeking to examine the causes of dispersal variability in wild populations, suggesting that observed patterns could be largely driven by the social and demographic conditions experienced by sampled individuals. Further insights could be gained by examining how selection operates on decision rules in different life-history and environmental circumstances, and how this might interact with selection on other demographic traits. Uncovering the decision-rules used during settlement should be a priority for those wishing to understand and predict dispersal patterns in nature

Incidences et valeur prépositionnelle de com(e) suivi d’un adjectif qualificatif en français médiéval

Dans la perspective d’appréhender l’entier du microsystème comme, le présent article s’efforce d’étudier les emplois spécifiques de com(e) suivi d’un adjectif qualificatif en français médiéval. L’analyse proposée des caractéristiques de ce syntagme complexe s’appuie sur l’idée de l’existence d’une double incidence de com(e) et sur le lien étroit qui existe entre l’incidence interne et externe et le concept de caractérisation autarcique et accidentelle. Elle aboutit ainsi à mieux définir une des valeurs subduites de ce morphème.This paper attempts to explore the specific uses of com(e) followed by an adjective in medieval French with the aim of understanding the entire microsystem of “comme”. The proposed analysis of the com(e) ADJ complex syntagm relies on the hypothesis of a dual incidence of com(e). We assume these internal and external incidences are tightly related and we put forward the concept of autarkical and accidental characterization in order to explain the dematerialized values of this morpheme

Sophie Klimis, Le penser en travail. Castoriadis et le labyrinthe de la création humaine

Avec le premier volume d’une future trilogie consacrée respectivement aux trois principaux « carrefours » du « penser » de Cornelius Castoriadis (C. C.), la polis, la psychè et le logos, Sophie Klimis (S. K.) nous propose en réalité une enquête sur notre modernité à travers la notion castoriadienne de « figure du pensable (eidos) social-historique ». Selon elle, l’un des mérites de C. C. est d’avoir saisi que notre modernité est complexe, articulant à une « modernité des Modernes », le capita..

Extrusión ortodóncica en rehabilitación oral

La creciente necesidad de tratamientos implantoprotésicos junto a la expectativa por parte de los pacientes de obtener resultados que sean estéticamente perfectos ha estimulado a los clínicos a utilizar varios métodos quirúrgicos (GTR con utilización de membranas, injertos óseos, osteodistracción, para la zona a implantar en áreas con valor estético. A pesar de la validez de las técnicas y de los materiales hoy utilizados, la capacidad de predecir la optimización del resultado estético final cuando se han de sustituir en los elementos que resultan especialmente grave la destrucción del periodonto es incierta. Además la suma de varias intervenciones quirúrgicas con sus posibles complicaciones no siempre es del agrado de los pacientes.Fil: Ponchon, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología

Bigger juveniles and smaller adults : changes in fish size correlate with warming seas

Funding Information Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) H2020 Societal Challenges. Grant Number: 677039 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Marine Scotland Science for their help during data compilation, notably for the West of Scotland. We are also grateful to Tara Marshall and John Morrongiello for their suggestions during early stages of data analyses. Funding for I.E.I. PhD comes from the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), which is gratefully acknowledged. P.G.F., A.R.B. and A.P. were supported by the Horizon 2020 European research project ClimeFish (grant No. 677039).Peer reviewedPostprin

Winter territory prospecting is associated with life-history stage but not activity in a passerine

Finding a high quality territory is essential for many animals to reproduce successfully. Despite its importance for fitness, we know little about the process of territory prospecting in wild birds, and whether individual traits and behaviours, such as personality, co-vary with territory prospecting. Here, we use long-term data from a wild, insular house sparrow Passer domesticus population to test three hypotheses about territory fidelity and prospecting: (1) House sparrows show high territory fidelity between years and also during winter. (2) Individuals will prospect for a breeding territory during their first winter whereas older, more experienced individuals will keep a territory from previous years and will, therefore, show no or reduced winter territory prospecting. (3) More active behavioural types will prospect more than less active behavioural types. We use data from four winters from automatically, daily recorded nest-box visits of 188 birds of known age. The number of nest-boxes that each individual visited within each winter was used as a proxy of winter territory prospecting. We show that house sparrows visit multiple nest-boxes during their first winter, whereas older individuals keep territories year-round and, potentially because of this, indeed show reduced winter territory prospecting. Activity was not associated with the number of nest-boxes visited. Further research is needed to investigate whether time of territory and mate acquisition differs among individuals and the possible effect on lifetime fitness

Ephemera de la Résistance : étude à partir du fonds Lachassagne conservé au CHRD (Les)

Dès 1940 et jusqu’à la Libération, les résistants ont fait entendre leur voix contre les ennemis que ce soit l’envahisseur allemand, le régime liberticide et répressif vichyste ou les collaborateurs. Les résistants ont produit une multitude de documents clandestins communément appelés tracts. Tout comme la Résistance intérieure, mais avec des conditions de production et des moyens bien différents, la France libre et les Alliés ont également réalisé des documents lâchés ensuite par avion sur la France occupée. Henri Lachassagne, policier aux Renseignements généraux de Lyon et résistant durant la Seconde guerre mondiale a réuni un vaste ensemble de documents résistants, produits par la Résistance intérieure ou envoyés par avions, trouvés sur le sol lyonnais . À sa mort, son fils, Alain Lachassagne, a fait don de la collection de son père au Centre d’Histoire de la Résistance et de la Déportation de Lyon. C’est grâce à ce fonds que ce mémoire va chercher à définir ce qu’est un ephemera de la Résistance. Face à la très grande diversité des documents, parler d’"ephemera de la Résistance" semble moins réducteur que le terme "tract". À quoi ressemble un ephemera de la Résistance, quelles sont les informations qu’on y trouve ? Des éléments de réponse sont apportés à ces questions à partir de l’analyse d’un fonds régional riche et varié