Translation and the Literary Text

In the present paper we shall focus on literary translation, on the question ofthe translation of “complex” or “secondary” texts, but with the intention of makinga contribution to the problem of translating non-literary, “simple,” “primary” textsas well. In other words, we shall examine the problem of text translation from asemiotic perspective. In fact, this study founds translation theory in sign theorydeveloping a semiotic-linguistic approach to the problem of translation in thedirection of so-called interpretation semiotics which also implies the semiotics ofsignificance. Translation concerns both simple and complex texts, which correspondrespectively to Mikhail Bakhtin’s primary and secondary texts. Simple texts concernnon literary discourse genres whilst complex texts the literary genres, where theformer are better understood in the light of the latter, and not vice versa. Thispaper also focuses on the concept of the literary text as a hypertext maintainingthat the hypertext is a methodics for translative practice. The relation between thetext and language understood as a modeling device is also important for anadequate theory of translation and sheds light on the question of translatability.Another central issue in this study is the relation between translation andintertextuality.Le présent article s’intéresse à la traduction littéraire et à la traduction destextes complexes ou secondaires, et se penche également sur les problèmes liés à latraduction des textes non littéraires, simples, ou primaires. Nous aborderons donccette problématique sous un angle sémiotique. Cette étude, en plus de révélerl’importance de la théorie de la traduction dans la théorie du signe, développe uneapproche sémiotique et linguistique au problème de traduction en matièred’interprétation sémiotique, laquelle comprend la sémiotique de la signifiance. Latraduction s’intéresse aux textes simples et complexes, lesquels correspondentrespectivement aux textes primaires et secondaires proposés par Mikhaïl Bakhtine.Les textes simples concernent le genre non littéraire, tandis que les textescomplexes sont associés au genre littéraire, qui comporte plus de difficultés que legenre précédent. Par ailleurs, cet article étudie le concept du texte littéraire entant qu’hypertexte et soutient que ce dernier est une méthode pour la pratiquetraduisante. La relation entre le texte etla langue, comprise en tant qu’agent demodélisation, est importante pour forger une théorie adéquate de la traduction.Cette relation nous éclaire également quant à la question de la traduisibilité. Larelation entre la traduction et l’intertextualité est une autre problématiquecruciale dont traite le présent article

Due donne, un ballerino e una chitarra. Un western dei primi anni Cinquanta: Johnny Guitar

En este artículo se analizan los personajes principales de la película Johnny Guitar de Nicholas Ray. A través del examen de alguna escenas y diálogos, Ponzio demuestra cómo la protagonista femenina (Vienna) representa un modelo de superioridad ética que va más allá de lo humano mientras que los dos protagonistas masculinos, Johnny Guitar y Dancin'Kid, aun alejándose de los estereotipos de virilidad propios de los héroes del género western, permanecen encerrados en los límites de los valores masculinos clásicos

Come As You Are – The Design Hotel Experience

As part of an ongoing research on Design Hotels, this article wishes to discuss more about this architectural concept and how far goes its relationship with contemporary travel practices

Automated Workarounds from Java Program Specifications based on SAT Solving

The failures that bugs in software lead to can sometimes be bypassed by the so-called workarounds: when a (faulty) routine fails, alternative routines that the system offers can be used in place of the failing one, to circumvent the failure. Existing approaches to workaround-based system recovery consider workarounds that are produced from equivalent method sequences, automatically computed from user-provided abstract models, or directly produced from user-provided equivalent sequences of operations. In this paper, we present two techniques for computing workarounds from Java code equipped with formal specifications, that improve previous approaches in two respects. First, the particular state where the failure originated is actively involved in computing workarounds, thus leading to repairs that are more state specific. Second, our techniques automatically compute workarounds on concrete program state characterizations, avoiding abstract software models and user-provided equivalences. The first technique uses SAT solving to compute a sequence of methods that is equivalent to a failing method on a specific failing state, but which can also be generalized to schemas for workaround reuse. The second technique directly exploits SAT to circumvent a failing method, building a state that mimics the (correct) behaviour of a failing routine, from a specific program state too. We perform an experimental evaluation based on case studies involving implementations of collections and a library for date arithmetic, showing that the techniques can effectively compute workarounds from complex contracts in an important number of cases, in time that makes them feasible to be used for run-time repairs. Our results also show that our state-specific workarounds enable us to produce repairs in many cases where previous workaround-based approaches are inapplicable.Fil: Uva, Marcelo Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Ponzio, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Regis, Germán. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Nazareno Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Frias, Marcelo Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentin

SEMINBIO®: Innovative seeder for weed control in cereals (OK-Net Arable Practice abstract)

Trials with the SEMINBIO® seeder in southern and central Italy showed that the seeder’s sowing layout increased wheat yield, irrespective of the weed presence, and decreased weed development, if weeds were present, compared to ordinary seeders. Practical recommendation - The SEMINBIO® seeder is still at a prototype stage, but it will soon be commercially manufactured. - The SEMINBIO® seeder can be combined with the harrow weeder or any other weeding strategy to obtain an augmented weed control effect

Translation as Listening and Encounter with the Other in Migration and Globalization Processes Today

Translation is viewed from a semiotic perspective with a special focus on translator discourse genre and the different forms of reported discourse. The distinction between listening and wanting to hear and between silence and taciturnity is introduced to analyze the relation between translation and understanding, translation and the other, translation and hospitality, with special reference to the problematic of migration and globalization processes today. This leads to considerations on the ethical character of translation understood as listening, therefore on the responsibilitry of the translator towards the other in the encounter between different signs, languages, and cultures. The translator is called to account to and for the other. Given that translation must ultimately acknowledge the rights of others, the responsibility of the translator may be qualified as “semioethic responsibility.’On considère la traduction du point de vue de la sémiotique, en focalisant le genre qu’est le discours du traducteur et les différentes formes de discours rapporté. On introduit la distinction entre écouter et entendre ce qu’on veut et entre le silence et la taciturnité pour analyser la relation entre la traduction et la compréhension, la traduction et l’autre, la traduction et l’hospitalité, en portant une attention particulière à la problématique des processus de migration et de mondialisation. Cette démarche mène à la considération du caractère éthique de la traduction en tant qu’écoute et par conséquent à la responsabilité du traducteur envers l’autre, lors de la rencontre entre différents signes, langues et cultures. Le traducteur doit à la fois rendre des comptes à l’autre et se sentir responsable de l’autre. Comme la traduction doit en dernière analyse reconnaître les droits de l’autre, on peut qualifier la responsibilité du traducteur de « responsabilité sémioéthique »

Mortalità per sclerosi multipla nella regione Toscana

OBIETTIVI: Valutare il trend di mortalità per Sclerosi Multipla (SM) in Toscana nel ventennio 1987-2006. METODI: I dati sulla mortalità per SM sono stati ottenuti consultando gli archivi informatici delle schede di morte presso l’Agenzia Regionale di Sanità Toscana. I dati raccolti sono stati suddivisi per i quattro quinquenni compresi tra il 1987 e il 2006: (1987-1991), (1992-1996), (1997-2001), (2002-2006). Sono stati calcolati i tassi standardizzati di mortalità (metodo di standardizzazione diretta) per SM rispetto alla popolazione toscana del 2000 e i tassi di mortalità per SM specifici per sesso ed età. RISULTATI: I tassi standardizzati di mortalità con causa SM calcolati per ogni anno mostrano una diminuzione della mortalità, in entrambi i sessi, particolarmente marcata nel primo quinquennio (1987-1991). Per i maschi si osserva, nei quattro quinquenni analizzati, un trend decrescente dei tassi di mortalità che va da 0,61 per il quinquennio 1987-1991 a 0,42 per 100.000 per quello 2002-2006. Analogamente per le femmine si osserva una diminuzione da 1,29 a 0,60 per 100.000. Analizzando i tassi di mortalità per SM specifici per età abbiamo osservato un picco della mortalità nei maschi in corrispondenza della fascia di età 75-79 anni, mentre nelle donne nella fascia 65-69 anni. In entrambi i sessi il numero dei decessi aumenta fortemente dopo i 45 anni e diminuisce dopo i 79 anni. Considerando l’età di esordio, che andava dai 25 ai 35 anni, e la sopravvivenza delle persone, pari a 30-35 anni dalla diagnosi, la mortalità maggiore si riscontra nelle fasce di età da noi osservate. CONCLUSIONI: A causa della piccola dimensione del campione, tutti i valori vanno interpretati con cautela, ma i dati presenti in letteratura sono in accordo con i dati osservati nel nostro studio relativi al primo quinquennio. Infatti, il decremento di mortalità nel periodo 1987-1991 è in linea con i dati precedentemente pubblicati in uno studio sulla mortalità per SM in Italia dal 1974 al 1993 (Tassinari, 2001). Per gli anni successivi non esistono dati in letteratura relativi alla mortalità per SM in Italia. La mortalità più elevata nelle femmine riflette il maggior numero di casi di SM nella popolazione femminile ed è supportata anche dai dati presenti in letteratura sia in Italia che all’estero (Massey e Schoenberg, 1982). La mortalità per SM osservata nel nostro studio è presumibilmente una sottostima poiché talvolta l’SM non viene indicata come causa di morte

Amplified singlet oxygen generation in metallated-porphyrin doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles

We report on the mechanism and efficiencies of singlet oxygen O2(1Δg) generation of nanoparticles (NP) of the conjugated polymer (CP) poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) doped with platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) suspended in water. A detailed study of the photophysics of these NP, using stationary and time-resolved absorption and emission techniques, indicates that O2(1Δg) is generated by the triplet excited state of F8BT and not by that of PtOEP, as previously observed for other porphyrin doped CP NP. O2(1Δg) quantum yields (ΦΔ) were measured by quantifying the characteristic phosphorescence of O2(1Δg) in the NIR region (∼1268 nm). It was found that incorporation of relatively small amounts of PtOEP to F8BT NP results in a significant increase of ΦΔ. NP containing 10% PtOEP (w/w) show a ΦΔ ∼ 0.24, which is 3 times larger than that observed for undoped F8BT NP, and larger than the reported for most water-soluble porphyrins. ΦΔ were also calculated from the oxidation rates (v0) of 3-[10-(2-carboxyethyl)anthracen-9-yl]propanoic acid (ADPA), a well-known chemical O2(1Δg) trap. Unexpectedly, this method was found to significantly overestimate the ΦΔ values due to the adsorption of ADPA on the surface of NP. The ADPA/NP adsorption process was characterized using a simple adsorption model yielding an (average) equilibrium constant of ∼8 × 103 M−1 and an (average) number of NP-binding sites of ∼14000. These results necessarily caution about the use of ADPA as a probe to evaluate ΦΔ in these NP systems. In addition, the interaction of F8BT NP with other anionic, cationic and zwitterionic dyes (dissolved in water) was studied. It was found that even at nano-molar concentrations all the dyes efficiently adsorb on the NP surface. This general and simple self-assembly strategy can be used to prepare superficially-dye-doped CP NP with potentially interesting technological applications.Fil: Spada, Ramiro Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Macor, Lorena Paola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ponzio, Rodrigo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Ibarra, Luis Exequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lorente, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Chesta, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Rodrigo Emiliano. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Exercises in style

The paper is meant to explore that particular phase in the design process when the guide idea of the project is defined. This moment is particularly difficult and important for the interior design of cruise ships and represents therefore an interesting challenge in the training of the future designers. The aim of the paper is therefore to think about the peculiarities of the interior design of ships in an academic context, showing some examples