A Brief Look at Passover

The purpose of this paper is to briefly examine the tradition of the Passover in light of its origins, historicization and historical development, and its relevance to the Christology expressed in the New Testament gospels. It is necessary to realize from the beginning that in some cases the traditions being dealt with are ancient, and therefore there is scant concrete evidence with which to deal. However, I feel that one can deal with what evidence there is available and realize that his conclusions must be somewhat tentative

«Cum Ieremia». Sul testo della lettera di Dante ai Cardinali

Dante’s epistle to the Cardinals is attested by a single manuscript, entirely copied by Boccaccio. Until very recently, scholars have regarded Boccaccio as an unreliable copyist. The article aims to show that this prejudice must be discarded. In this light, I examine on a paleographic, philological and historical ground the first lines of the text, where Dante claims his charisma as a new Jeremiah, whose authentically prophetic words fall on deaf ears. By focusing on the epistle’s language, sources and historical and doctrinal bearings, I put the text into its own right light, and thus show how some textual revisions and readings advanced by Dante scholarship are misguided

MicroRNA from moringa oleifera : identification by high throughput sequencing and their potential contribution to plant medicinal value

Moringa oleifera is a widespread plant with substantial nutritional and medicinal value. We postulated that microRNAs (miRNAs), which are endogenous, noncoding small RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-Transcriptional level, might contribute to the medicinal properties of plants of this species after ingestion into human body, regulating human gene expression. However, the knowledge is scarce about miRNA in Moringa. Furthermore, in order to test the hypothesis on the pharmacological potential properties of miRNA, we conducted a high-Throughput sequencing analysis using the Illumina platform. A total of 31,290,964 raw reads were produced from a library of small RNA isolated from M. oleifera seeds. We identified 94 conserved and two novel miRNAs that were validated by qRT-PCR assays. Results from qRT-PCR trials conducted on the expression of 20 Moringa miRNA showed that are conserved across multiple plant species as determined by their detection in tissue of other common crop plants. In silico analyses predicted target genes for the conserved miRNA that in turn allowed to relate the miRNAs to the regulation of physiological processes. Some of the predicted plant miRNAs have functional homology to their mammalian counterparts and regulated human genes when they were transfected into cell lines. To our knowledge, this is the first report of discovering M. oleifera miRNAs based on highthroughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis and we provided new insight into a potential cross-species control of human gene expression. The widespread cultivation and consumption of M. oleifera, for nutritional and medicinal purposes, brings humans into close contact with products and extracts of this plant species. The potential for miRNA transfer should be evaluated as one possible mechanism of action to account for beneficial properties of this valuable species

Autorität und Wahrheit. Kirchliche Vorstellungen, Normen und Verfahren (13. bis 15. Jahrhundert)

Die Beiträge dieses Bandes sind an der Schnittstelle zwischen Kirchen- und Geistesgeschichte anzusiedeln. Während sich im hohen und späten Mittelalter autoritative Instanzen vervielfachen, mit den magistri an den Universitäten neue theologische Kompetenzen heranwachsen, aber auch mit den neuen charismatischen Führern, Propheten und Mystikern den alten Autoritäten Konkurrenz erwächst, entsteht für das kirchliche Establishment, insonderheit das Papsttum, Rechtfertigungsdruck. Jede Autorität hat einen Wahrheitsanspruch. Die Frage nach dem Wesen der Wahrheit muss neu gestellt, die Dialektik von Autorität und Wahrheit neu überdacht werden. Mit Beiträgen von: David Burr, Duane Henderson, Isabel Iribarren, Deeana Klepper, Robert E. Lerner, Elsa Marmursztejn, Alexander Patschovsky, Sylvain Piron, Gian Luca Potes

LA QUESTIONE DEL CONTAGIUM VIVUM E LA GENESI DEL CONCETTO DI AMBIENTE NELLA MEDICINA TRA XVII E XVIII SECOLO

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The aim of this article is to portray one of the possible paths through which the concept of environment originated. In the debate relating to the contagium vivum problem, as it is defined for example in the works of Fracastoro, the concept of sympathia and antipathia has been denied since '500, and the contagion has been interpreted in materialistic terms. Simultaneously, also in '500, Hippocratic style researches de Locis reflourished due to the efforts of many physicians who pointed out the physical aspects which led to the spreading of a disease. With the discovery of the Protozoa and of other minute inhabitants of water, microscopy in '600 underlined the possible animated origin of several diseases, thus refusing causes, as the influence of stars, etc. However medicine was the discipline in which the researches on the environment became a basis for the discovery and prevention of disease. Medical sciences turned towards a practical-empiristic methodology that also led to a new vision of the role of the physician in the community. Here, the importance of G. Lancisi's work De Noxiis Paludum Effluviis is emphasised as a signal of these new research trends. This work is noteworthy first of all because the mosquito is identified as the cause of malaria with the peculiar environmental conformation of the Paludi Pontine, and secondly because Lancisi testifies one of the first battles carried out by a scientist in defence of the environment. </jats:sec

Bilateral Investment Treaties and the European Union. Recent Developments in Arbitration and Before the ECJ

The issue of the relationship between Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and the EU legal order has recently attracted attention amongst scholars and practitioners in the field of international investment arbitration. Under a first perspective of the problem, the Arbitral Tribunal in Eastern Sugar B.V. v. The Czech Republic was confronted with the question of whether there was any room left for BITs between EU Member States. The Tribunal discussed the legal arguments advanced for and against the applicability of such \u201cintra-EU BITs\u201d between Member States. The issue, which is particularly relevant considering that there are currently more than 190 BITs concluded between EU Member States, will be analysed in the first part of this article. Under a second point of view of the problem, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) handed down two judgments on 3 March 2009 addressing incompatibilities with EC Law resulting from certain BITs entered into by Sweden and Austria with third countries. The second part of this article will deal with the consequences arising out of the Court\u2019s rulings with regard to existing and future BITs entered into by Member States with third countries