Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Allylic Amidation:Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles

For the first time iridium catalysis has been used for the synthesis of chiral tetrahydroisoquinolines with excellent yields and high enantioselectivities (see scheme; cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene, DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). These products are important chiral building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, in particular alkaloids

Critical Minerals and the U.S. Clean Energy Transition

Critical minerals are key components in a range of products and equipment, from consumer electronics and military technology to solar panels and electric vehicle batteries. Their unique chemical properties make them particularly suitable for energy technologies and irreplaceable for certain purposes. Pursuant to the Energy Act of 2020 (P.L. 116–260), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publishes a revised list of critical minerals every three years. The most recent list, published in 2022, categorizes 50 minerals as critical. For clarity and consistency, this issue brief will use the Energy Act definition of critical minerals, which encompasses both minerals and materials

Fact Sheet | Climate Jobs (2024)

U.S. efforts to confront the climate crisis have propelled a demand for jobs that will help the country mitigate and adapt to climate change. These climate jobs have been steadily on the rise in the United States. The energy sector as a whole has regained 71% of the jobs lost due to the pandemic in 2020. With a 3.9% growth rate, clean energy job creation outpaced overall job growth in 2022. In total, there were more than 4.2 million climate jobs in 2022

An Approach for Efficient Neural Architecture Search Space Definition

As we advance in the fast-growing era of Machine Learning, various new and more complex neural architectures are arising to tackle problem more efficiently. On the one hand their efficient usage requires advanced knowledge and expertise, which is most of the time difficult to find on the labor market. On the other hand, searching for an optimized neural architecture is a time-consuming task when it is performed manually using a trial and error approach. Hence, a method and a tool support is needed to assist users of neural architectures, leading to an eagerness in the field of Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML). When it comes to Deep Learning, an important part of AutoML is the Neural Architecture Search (NAS). In this paper, we propose a novel cell-based hierarchical search space, easy to comprehend and manipulate. The objectives of the proposed approach are to optimize the search-time and to be general enough to handle most of state of the art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architectures.Comment: AAAI-22 Workshop: Learning Network Architecture During Training, Feb 2022, Online, United State

Ascaridiasis biliar, diagnóstico por colangiorresonancia

Ascaris lumbricoides corresponds to the most frequent helminthiasis of the digestive tract, the highest prevalence is seen in countries with tropical and underdeveloped climates. Adult parasites, in addition to the digestive tract, can invade the pancreatic bile ducts.Ascaris lumbricoides corresponde a la helmintiasis más frecuente del tracto digestivo, la mayor prevalencia se ve en países con climas tropicales y subdesarrollados. Los parásitos adultos, además del tubo digestivo pueden invadir los conductos biliares pancreáticos. &nbsp

Recorrência paraesofágica de hérnia hiatal. Diagnóstico radiológico e resolução cirúrgica laparoscópica

The radiological recurrence rate after surgery for type IV large hiatal hernias is close to 50%. Most of the time, recurrence involves a partial ascent of the fundoplication to the thorax (telescoping), and if it does not have clinical expression, conservative management can be chosen (only 3-6% require revision surgery). However, sometimes there are other types of recurrences (paraesophageal) that must be evaluated by functional, endoscopic and radiological studies, which cause dysphagia more frequently.A contrasted upper digestive transit allows in this case to identify the type of hernia recurrence, with partial migration of the gastric fundus towards the left paraesophageal thorax, and a continent fundoplication but technically performed below what is desirable (upper body) (figure).The resolution of the picture implies the reduction of the hernia to the abdominal cavity, with closure of the diaphragmatic defect, dismantling the anterior fundoplication by anatomizing the area and reconfection of a new fundoplication.La tasa de recidiva radiológica luego de la cirugía de las hernias hiatales grandes tipo IV es cercana al 50%. La mayoría de las veces la recidiva supone un ascenso parcial de la funduplicatura al tórax (telescopaje), y si no tiene expresión clínica puede optarse por un manejo conservador (solo 3-6% requieren cirugía de revisión). Sin embargo, en ocasiones hay otro tipo de recidivas (paraesofágicas) que deben valorarse mediante estudios funcionales, endoscópicos y radiológicos, que dan disfagia con mayor frecuencia. Un tránsito contrastado digestivo superior permite en este caso identificar el tipo de recidiva herniaria, con migración parcial del fundus gástrico hacia el tórax paraesofágico izquierdo, y una funduplicatura continente pero realizada técnicamente en por debajo de lo deseable (cuerpo alto) (figura). La resolución del cuadro implica la reducción de la hernia a la cavidad abdominal, con cierre del defecto diafragmático, desmontar la funduplicatura anterior anatomizando la zona y la reconfección de una nueva funduplicatura.  A taxa de recorrência radiológica após a cirurgia para grandes hérnias de hiato do tipo IV é próxima a 50%. Na maioria das vezes, a recorrência envolve uma ascensão parcial da fundoplicatura até o tórax (telescopagem) e, se não tiver expressão clínica, pode-se optar pelo manejo conservador (apenas 3-6% requerem cirurgia de revisão). Porém, às vezes existem outros tipos de recorrências (paraesofágicas) que devem ser avaliadas por estudos funcionais, endoscópicos e radiológicos, que causam disfagia com maior frequência.Um trânsito digestivo alto contrastado permite, neste caso, identificar o tipo de recorrência da hérnia, com migração parcial do fundo gástrico em direção ao tórax paraesofágico esquerdo, e uma fundoplicatura continente, mas tecnicamente realizada abaixo do desejável (parte superior do corpo) (figura).A resolução do quadro implica na redução da hérnia para a cavidade abdominal, com fechamento do defeito diafragmático, desmontagem da fundoplicatura anterior com anatomização da área e reconfecção de nova fundoplicatura

Gastrectomía atípica laparoscópica

  Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent malignant neoplasm worldwide and in our country, and the fourth cause of cancer mortality. The survival rate continues to be low, since its diagnosis is usually late and in advanced stages.In countries with a high incidence, endoscopic screening is performed, making the diagnosis in early stages, with a better prognosis. In these patients there is a lower risk of regional or distant spread, and tailored treatments can be considered, avoiding wide resections.  El cáncer gástrico es la quinta neoplasia maligna más frecuente a nivel mundial y en nuestro país, y la cuarta causa de mortalidad por cáncer. La tasa de supervivencia continúa siendo baja, dado que su diagnóstico suele ser tardío y en etapas avanzadas.En países con alta incidencia se realiza screening endoscópico, realizándose el diagnóstico en etapas precoces, con un mejor pronóstico. En estos pacientes existe menor riesgo de diseminación regional o distancia, y se pueden plantear tratamientos a medida, evitando resecciones amplias

Esplenectomía laparoscópica por absceso esplénico secundario a endocarditis infecciosa

Splenic abscess is a rare clinical entity that is most often associated with infective endocarditis. Heart valve replacement in the setting of an untreated splenic abscess is associated with a high incidence of prosthetic valve infection and death. A patient with infectious endocarditis and splenic abscess treated by laparoscopic splenectomy followed by valve replacement is described. El absceso esplénico es una entidad clínica rara que se asocia con mayor frecuencia a endocarditis infecciosa. El reemplazo de la válvula cardíaca en el contexto de un absceso esplénico sin tratar se asocia con una alta incidencia de infección de válvula protésica y muerte. Se describe un paciente con endocarditis infecciosa y absceso esplénico tratado mediante esplenectomía laparoscópica seguida de reemplazo valvular

Methyl Complexes of the Transition Metals

Organometallic chemistry can be considered as a wide area of knowledge that combines concepts of classic organic chemistry, that is, based essentially on carbon, with molecular inorganic chemistry, especially with coordination compounds. Transition-metal methyl complexes probably represent the simplest and most fundamental way to view how these two major areas of chemistry combine and merge into novel species with intriguing features in terms of reactivity, structure, and bonding. Citing more than 500 bibliographic references, this review aims to offer a concise view of recent advances in the field of transition-metal complexes containing M-CH fragments. Taking into account the impressive amount of data that are continuously provided by organometallic chemists in this area, this review is mainly focused on results of the last five years. After a panoramic overview on M-CH compounds of Groups 3 to 11, which includes the most recent landmark findings in this area, two further sections are dedicated to methyl-bridged complexes and reactivity.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Projects CTQ2010–15833, CTQ2013-45011 - P and Consolider - Ingenio 2010 CSD2007 - 00006Junta de Andalucía FQM - 119, Projects P09 - FQM - 5117 and FQM - 2126EU 7th Framework Program, Marie Skłodowska - Curie actions C OFUND – Agreement nº 26722