Review of \u3ci\u3eThe Italians in Oklahoma\u3c/i\u3e By Kenny L. Brown

This volume is part of a Newcomers to a New Land series design led to analyze the major ethnic groups of Oklahoma. Kenny L. Brown has studied the experience of Italians in the state and provides many interesting details on this little known topic. Though few in number, Italians concentrated heavily in the coal mining districts of Oklahoma and contributed importantly to the communities in which they lived. As miners, they moved early into the labor unions of the coal fields and participated fully in the recurrent strikes that characterized this region in the period 1890-1925. Like their counterparts elsewhere, Oklahoma Italians attempted to transfer as much of their Old World culture as possible to America. Consequently we find evidence of distinctly Italian Catholic parishes, mutual aid societies, labor agencies, and musical bands (but apparently no Italian language newspapers). The author views the Oklahoma Italian experience as being unique on two levels. First, because of their small numbers and frontier-like settlement patterns, he claims Italians underwent a virtually complete assimilation. Secondly, he notes that a variety of situations peculiar to Oklahoma-Indian claims during the territorial period, prohibition laws, climatic conditions-forced special accommodations among Italians. The author has stated that this book is written for the general reader and it is by this standard that it should be judged, Normally, works of this sort are assessed by the presence of two qualities: a sprightly writing style to provide for enjoyable reading and a thorough grounding in the secondary scholarly literature to insure soundness of judgment. On both criteria the volume must be regarded as deficient. Simply stated, the prose is infelicitous. Moreover, the footnotes and bibliography are so brief and inadequate that they betray a lack of knowledge of available scholarship. When Brown attempts to relate the Oklahoma experience to the larger themes of development in America (unionism, crime, urbanization, etc.), he is frequently off the mark. He is strongest when relating the essential facts and life-stories of the Italians who carved out successful careers in this rugged land. On this basis the work has value, and it should provide a starting point for any future studies dealing with these immigrants

Immigrants and Radicals in Tampa, Florida

The role that radical ideologies have played in the experience of America’s immigrant groups has been the subject of increasing scholarly attention. Historians are coming to realize that these philosophies often exerted a substantial influence on ethnic group development. This was particularly true of the manner in which immigrants interacted with the labor movement in America. That these developments have often been overlooked has been explained, in part, by a lack of documentary evidence available for use in charting the events, issues, and personalities of the radical world. In recent years, however, a growing volume of historical material has become available which has shed important light on this fascinating aspect of America’s immigrant past. A case in point involves the Italian community of Tampa, Florida

A Padrone Looks at Florida: Labor Recruiting and the Florida East Coast Railway

The years surrounding the turn of the present century consituted a golden era of railroad construction and consolidation in Florida’s history. It was during this period that developer Henry B. Plant absorbed many small lines, pushed his steel rails to Florida’s west coast, and insured the future significance of Tampa Bay. William D. Chipley, “Mr. Railroad of West Florida,” constructed lines throughout the panhandle and invested heavily in the port of Pensacola. The railroad man epitomizing this age’s spirit of optimism and enterprise, however, was Standard Oil millionaire Henry M. Flagler, who chose the east coast of Florida as his domain. Flagler’s road plunged through swamps and sandy barrens to link Jacksonville with Miami in 1896, and he captured the attention of the nation after 1904 with the construction of his famous “Overseas Railroad” to Key West