Comparison of work fluctuation relations

We compare two predictions regarding the microscopic fluctuations of a system that is driven away from equilibrium: one due to Crooks [J. Stat. Phys. 90, 1481 (1998)] which has gained recent attention in the context of nonequilibrium work and fluctuation theorems, and an earlier, analogous result obtained by Bochkov and Kuzovlev [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 72(1), 238247 (1977)]. Both results quantify irreversible behavior by comparing probabilities of observing particular microscopic trajectories during thermodynamic processes related by time-reversal, and both are expressed in terms of the work performed when driving the system away from equilibrium. By deriving these two predictions within a single, Hamiltonian framework, we clarify the precise relationship between them, and discuss how the different definitions of work used by the two sets of authors gives rise to different physical interpretations. We then obtain a extended fluctuation relation that contains both the Crooks and the Bochkov-Kuzovlev results as special cases.Comment: 14 pages with 1 figure, accepted for publication in the Journal of Statistical Mechanic

Care Needs and Caregivers: Associations and Effects of Living Arrangements on Caregiving to Older Adults in India

As the ageing phenomenon continues in India, we explore the care needs of older adults and identify caregivers for specific care needs across living arrangements. Using the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) conducted Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI 2011) data comprising 9850 older adults, we employed statistical methods to analyze the data, find associations and used binary logistic regression to model the adjusted and unadjusted effects of living arrangements on caregiving to older adults for specific care needs. Care-requiring situations considered were acute sickness, sickness requiring hospitalization, chronic morbidity, functional disability represented by ADL and IADL limitations, and locomotor disability. Results indicate that living arrangements of older adults were significantly associated with health, functional status and disability as well as caregiving patterns. Our results suggest that co-residence with children and all others was beneficial to older adults in obtaining care from a family caregiver for their hospitalization and chronic morbidity needs while living with spouse or living with a partner was advantageous for older adults in receiving care for their ADL limitations and during hospitalizations. Mean number of children was also significantly associated with the availability of a caregiver during hospitalization, locomotor disability, chronic morbidity and acute sickness. The study also highlights a little known phenomenon, that there was familial help available to older adults who lived alone. Notably, non-family sources of caregiving were steadily becoming visible (as high as 8–10 % of the caregiving component) especially among older adults living alone

CEG 460/660-01: Introduction to Software Computer Engineering

[4 Credit Hours] Concepts of software engineering. Analysis, design, and implementation of software engineering concepts that comprise structured programming and design. Case studies serve as examples illustrating the software life-cycle model. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. 4.0 Credit hours. Prerequisites: Undergraduate level CS 400 Minimum Grade of

CEG 433/633: Operating Systems

The management of resources in multi-user computer systems. Emphasis is on problems of file-system design, process scheduling, memory allocation, protection, and tools needed for solutions. Course projects use the CIC++ language and include the design of portions of an operating system. 4 credit hours

CEG 2350: OS Concepts and Usage

Provides introduction to Linux and Windows operating systems and system administration. Covers files and directories, ownership and sharing, programs and processes, system calls, libraries, dynamic linking, command line shells, scripting, regular expressions and secure network protocols

CEG 433/633-01: Operating Systems

Overview of operating systems internals. File-system usage and design, process usage and control, virtual memory, multi user systems, access control. Course projects use C++ language. 4 Credit Hours. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. Prerequisites: CEG 320 and CS 40

CEG 2350: OS Concepts and Usage

Introduction to Linux and Windows systems. GUT and Windowing Systems. Files and Directories. Ownership and Sharing. Programs and Processes. System calls, Libraries. Loading. Dynamic linking. Command Line Shells. Scripting languages. Regular expressions. Clients and Servers. Web browser clients and servers. Secure shell, sftp. SSL/TSL. HTTPS. System Administration. 4 credit hours. 3 hours lectures, 2 hours labs. Prerequisites: CS 240 or CS 220 or equivalent

The immunological and pathological changes in poultry induced by ochratoxin A

The mvcotoxin ochratoxin A (OA) can contaminate a wide variety of feedstuffs and be nephrotoxic to domestic animals and poultry. The objective of this work was to study the clinical, pathological and immunological effects induced by feeding OA to broilers and turkeys from hatch as well as its effects on production characteristics and teratogenicity in quail. Some basic immune mechanisms were studied.OA caused growth depression in broilers and turkeys but not in quail. There was a loss of carotenoid pigments in the shank of broilers.The principal pathological effects were in the kidney especially in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) where the mitochondria were the organelles most sensitive to OA-damage although other intracellular elements were involved together with a marked increase in lysosomal activity. OA localised within PCT and glomeruli. Ring-form mitochondria in the PCT and the accumulation of glycogen in the liver were considered to be of diagnostic significance.In the lymphoid organs, widespread degeneration was a consistent feature of OA-toxicity, suggesting a direct effect on immunity, OA induced a marked depression of both humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in broilers and turkeys. Total serum levels(IgG-IgM,IgA) were reduced in broilers but only IgM levels were depressed in turkeys. Tissue immunoglobulins were also depressed. Delayed hypersensitivity responses were reduced in broilers and turkeys. Graft-versus-host reactions, evaluated by a chick embryo splenomegaly test, were depressed in OA-fed broilers.It was not possible to elicit a distinct Arthus reaction in turkeys in contrast to broilers.In general, granulocytes, particularly heterophils and eosinophils, and vascular endothelial cells appeared to clay a significant role in CMI responses in poultry.OA-contaminated feed resulted in reduced egg production, fertility and hatchability in a dose-related fashion in Japanese quail and an increase in embryonic mortality and a number of developmental defects

CEG 730-01: Distributed Computing Principles

Communicating sequential processes, clients and servers, remote procedure calls, stub generation, weak and strong semaphores, split-binary-semaphores, and distributed termination. Example languages: SR, Linda

CEG 233: Linux and Windows

This is a freshman-level 4 credit hour course conducted in a 10-week term. Its goal is to develop in the minds of students an effective operational model of computer systems running either Linux or Windows. This course is lab-oriented