Pleosporales

One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated. A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology, molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided. For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable, a brief note is given. Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated. Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella, Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families, viz. Lentitheciaceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae

Effect of stress level on the high temperature deformation and fracture mechanisms of Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-0.8 vol. pct TiB²: an 'In Situ' experimental study

The effect of the applied stress on the deformation and crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms of a gamma-TiAl intermetallic alloy (Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn (at. pct)-0.8 vol. pct TiB2) was examined by means of in situ tensile (constant strain rate) and tensile-creep (constant load) experiments performed at 973 K (700 °C) using a scanning electron microscope. Colony boundary cracking developed during the secondary stage in creep tests at 300 and 400 MPa and during the tertiary stage of the creep tests performed at higher stresses. Colony boundary cracking was also observed in the constant strain rate tensile test. Interlamellar ledges were only found during the tensile-creep tests at high stresses (sigma > 400 MPa) and during the constant strain rate tensile test. Quantitative measurements of the nature of the crack propagation path along secondary cracks and along the primary crack indicated that colony boundaries were preferential sites for crack propagation under all the conditions investigated. The frequency of interlamellar cracking increased with stress, but this fracture mechanism was always of secondary importance. Translamellar cracking was only observed along the primary crack.Funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through projects (MAT2009-14547-C02-01 and MAT2009-14547-C02-02) is acknowledged. The Madrid Regional Government partially supported this project through the ESTRUMAT grant (P2009/MAT-1585). CJB acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministry of Education for his sabbatical stay in Madrid (SAB2009-0045).Publicad

Study of hadronic event-shape variables in multijet final states in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Constraints on parton distribution functions and extraction of the strong coupling constant from the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)(1). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed(2-6). Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions(7), is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions(8,9), but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results(10,11), indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.Peer reviewe

Construcción, validación y confiabilidad de un instrumento que mida la intención del consejo preconcepcional de los médicos en el primer nivel de atención

Background: There is evidence that the preconception advice given by the doctor to women planning a pregnancy reduces the risk of maternal-fetal complications, however, this is not carried out routinely. There is no instrument that measures the intention of the physician to give preconception advice that is valid and reliable. Objective: To construct, assess the validity and reliability of an instrument that measures the intention of preconception counseling based on the theory of planned behavior in first-level physicians. Material and methods: Instrumental study of construction, assessment of validity and reliability of an instrument. Convenience sampling, to all the doctors of Family Medicine Unit # 1. Descriptive statistics were used, content validity with the Delphi method; apparent validity with focus group methodology, construct validity with exploratory factor analysis; Criterion validity with Spearman\u27s correlation and reliability with Cronbach\u27s Alpha. STATA version 13 was used and for the qualitative analysis Atlas.ti version 8. Results: The construct validity showed a variance >17.42% per dimension and >78% per domain. Criterion validity presented a moderate-high correlation. The global reliability of the instrument was 0.9528. Conclusions: The instrument created had the psychometric properties that make it valid and reliable. Keywords: Preconception counseling, Theory of planned behavior, validation of an instrumentAntecedentes: Existe evidencia que el consejo preconcepcional brindado por el médico a las mujeres que planean un embarazo disminuye el riesgo de complicaciones materno-fetales, sin embargo, este no se lleva a cabo de forma rutinaria. No hay un instrumento que mida la intención del médico de otorgar el consejo preconcepcional que sea válido y confiable. Objetivo: Construir, valorar la validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento que mida la intención del consejo preconcepcional basada en la teoría del comportamiento planeado en médicos del primer nivel. Material y métodos: Estudio instrumental de construcción, valoración de validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento. Muestreo por conveniencia, a todos los médicos de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No.1 del IMSS. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para caracterizar a la población, se realizó la validez de contenido con el método Delphi, la validez aparente mediante grupo focal, validez de constructo con análisis factorial exploratorio, validez de criterio con correlación de Spearman y la confiabilidad con alpha de Cronbach. Se usó el programa STATA versión 13 y para el análisis cualitativo Atlas.ti versión 8. Resultados: Al lograr un consenso en la validez de contenido y en la aparente, la validez de constructo mostró una varianza >17.42% por dimensión y >78% por dominio. La validez de criterio presentó una correlación moderada-elevada (>0.4). La confiabilidad global del instrumento fue adecuada al obtener un alpha de Cronbach de 0.95. Conclusiones: El instrumento creado cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas que le confieren ser válido y confiable.&nbsp

Prospective study of patients with persistent symptoms of dengue in Brazil

Dengue is an arboviral infection clinically recognized as an acute and self-limited disease. Persistence of dengue symptoms is known, but it has been little studied. The aim of this study was to characterize persistent symptoms in 113 patients with dengue followed up clinically and by laboratory testing at a tertiary hospital. Symptoms that persisted for more than 14 days were observed in 61 (54.0%) patients, and six (6.2%) of them had symptoms for 6 months or more. The persistent symptoms identified were myalgia, weakness, hair loss, memory loss, reduced resistance to physical effort, headache, reasoning problems, arthralgia, sleepiness- and emotional lability. The progression to persistent symptoms was significantly associated with hospitalization, older age, more severe disease, the presence of bleeding and comorbidities upon univariate analysis. Upon multivariate analysis, the presence of persistent symptoms continued to be significantly associated only with increased age and dengue with warning signs. The platelet count during the acute phase of the disease was significantly lower in the group with persistent symptoms. In conclusion, the frequency of progression to persistent symptoms in dengue is relevant in patients seen at a tertiary hospital and the persistence of symptoms is more common in patients with dengue with warning signs

Learning how to model ecosystem trade-offs at the farm scale

Paper from: International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs) 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software Modelling for Environment’s Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting, Ottawa, Canada David A. Swayne, Wanhong Yang, A. A. Voinov, A. Rizzoli, T. Filatova (Eds.) http://www.iemss.org/iemss2010/index.php?n=Main.ProceedingsThe full conference proceedings are available from: http://www.iemss.org/iemss2010/The ecosystem service framework provides a forum for scientists from a range of disciplines to communicate and work together alongside other key stakeholders. However to be effective, place-based comparison of the tradeoffs of ecosystem services need further development. These place-based comparisons are vital in agricultural systems due to the increasing global demand for food production, coupled with the realization that this should be achieved with minimal negative impact on the environment. The farm is the logical unit of management in agricultural systems and hence there is a need for ecosystem tradeoff assessments at the farm scale. We have carried out a literature review of thetradeoffs in the delivery of ecosystem services from intensively managed temperate grassland systems. Building on this work, we are now setting up a farm scale experiment to examine the tradeoffs, identified from the refereed literature, as requiring further investigation due to either limited or conflicting evidence. To facilitate an improved understanding of these tradeoffs we need to learn how to model them, based on previous and current modelling frameworks and coupled with improved knowledge of international best practice. Fundamentally, this requires a dialogue between modellers and field scientist