Genital tuberculosis and infertility

Background: An analytical study to diagnose genital tuberculosis, using various modalities, it`s treatment options and fertility outcomes in infertile labour class women.Methods: A prospective study, where 120 women, presented to hospital due to infertility were subjected to hystero-laparoscopy over 36 months. Endometrium sent for TB-PCR and HPR. Those diagnosed with GTB were given Anti-Tubercular Drugs as per standard regimes and their fertility outcome was studied.Results: Out of 120 women, 32(27%) were diagnosed with GTB using accepted clinical criteria, TB-PCR and endometrial HPR. 30 of these 32 were diagnosed by HLscopic picture (94%) alone, 18 by positive endometrial TB-PCR (58%) and another 3 by HPR (10%). Among 32 women treated, 9(28%) conceived after treatment.Conclusions: High incidence of GTB amongst the labour class warrants strong suspicion and early diagnosis using hystero-laparoscopy and prompt treatment to minimize the short and long-term effects of GTB on fertility

Scar endometriosis after caesarean section: a case series and review of literature

Endometriosis is defined as extra-uterine localization of ectopic functional endometrial gland and stroma. Cystic or solid tumoral masses caused by endometriosis are named as endometrioma. Although these pathologic conditions mostly encountered in ligaments of uterus, ovaries, pouch of douglos and pelvic peritoneum; endometriosis has also been reported in nose, breast, lung, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, abdominal wall, but scar endometriomais extremely rare. Scar endometriosis is rare and difficult to diagnose. This condition can be confused with other surgical conditions, however imaging techniques and FNAC are indicated towards better diagnostic approach. Medical treatment is helpful in selected cases but wide excision is the treatment of choice. By presenting this paper, and conducting a review of the literature, we intend to increase the awareness of this rather, rare condition

Rare case of deep pelvic retroperitoneal mature cystic teratoma

Mature cystic retroperitoneal teratomas are typically rare childhood tumours. Less than 20% of these occur in adults more than 30 yrs of age. Our adult patient presented with such a tumour, which had grown to a disproportionately large extent. It was deeply embedded in the true pelvis extending laterally to the pelvic wall and inferiorly till the ischiorectal fossa and was adherent to the surrounding structures displacing all. A provisional diagnosis was made after MRI scan and patient was posted for exploratory laparotomy. After extensive blunt and sharp dissection, the cyst wall could be separated from the surrounding structures and successfully excised. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Being such a rare tumour, it is essential to have a high degree of suspicion in such cases that can be supported by advanced imaging modality. Early diagnosis and complete surgical removal are the mainstay of management that provide an excellent prognosis for such patients.

Hardware Implementation of Automatic Power Factor Correction Unit For Industry

Abstract Power factor correction has always been challenging task. Most of electrical energy is wasted due to leading and lagging power factor. Thyristor switch modules are widely used in the rolling mills where more fluctuating load is available. The thyristor switch module with the reactor and capacitor is usedfor the compensating the reactive power in electrical power system. Automatic power factor correctionunit is required to keep unity power factor and optimize current consumption. Harmonics is reduced by connecting detuned reactor/inductor in series with capacitor and thyristor switched module. This paper shows design and hardware implementation of thyristorised automatic power factor correction unit for three phase circuit in an industry. The unit is flexible to maintain nearly unity power factor. The outcome is confirmed and acquired that the recommended circuit is perfect to produce improved output.</jats:p

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester placenta leading to transplacental transmission and fetal demise from an asymptomatic mother

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection of the respiratory tract by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which survives in the tissues during the clinical course of infection but there is limited evidence on placental infection and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The impact of COVID-19 in first trimester pregnancy remains poorly understood. Moreover, how long SARS-CoV-2 can survive in placenta is unknown. Herein, we report a case of a pregnant woman in the first trimester who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at 8 weeks of gestation, although her clinical course was asymptomatic. At 13 weeks of gestation, her throat swab tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but viral RNA was detected in the placenta, and the Spike (S) proteins (S1 and S2) were immunolocalized in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental villi. Histologically, the villi were generally avascular with peri-villus fibrin deposition and in some areas the syncytiotrophoblast layer appeared lysed. The decidua also had fibrin deposition with extensive leukocyte infiltration suggestive of inflammation. The SARS-CoV-2 crossed the placental barrier, as the viral RNA was detected in the amniotic fluid and the S proteins were detected in the fetal membrane. Ultrasonography revealed extensively subcutaneous edema with pleural effusion suggestive of hydrops fetalis and the absence of cardiac activity indicated fetal demise. This is the first study to provide concrete evidence of persistent placental infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its congenital transmission is associated with hydrops fetalis and intrauterine fetal demise in early pregnancy.</jats:p

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester placenta leading to vertical transmission and fetal demise from an asymptomatic mother

SummaryCoronaviruses infect the respiratory tract and are known to survive in these tissues during the clinical course of infection. However, how long can SARS-CoV-2 survive in the tissues is hitherto unknown. Herein, we report a case where the virus is detected in the first trimester placental cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblasts five weeks after the asymptomatic mother cleared the virus from the respiratory tract. This first trimester placental infection was vertically transmitted as the virus was detected in the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes. This congenitally acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with hydrops and fetal demise. This is the first study providing concrete evidences towards persistent tissue infection of SARS-CoV-2, its congenital transmission in early pregnancy leading to intrauterine fetal death.</jats:p