De novo genome assembly and annotation of rice sheath rot fungus Sarocladium oryzae reveals genes involved in Helvolic acid and Cerulenin biosynthesis pathways

Morphology of Saro-13 isolate used for whole genome sequencing. (PDF 13621 kb

Reproductive Biology of Cinnamomum Sulphuratum Nees. from Wet Evergreen Forest of Western Ghats in Karnataka

In Cinnamomum sulphuratum the initiation of the buds occurred after the leaf initiation during October and initiation of buds started during November last week. Inflorescence is an axillary panicle with 62.48¡À7.01 floral buds that took 13¡À1.41 days to bloom. Flower offer both pollen and nectar as a floral reward to the pollinators. Foragers include honeybees, butterflies, wasps, flies and ants. The flowers are self-compatible, pollinate both by self and cross pollination. In Allogamy (Hand cross pollination), highest mean percentage of fruit set was observed as 71 and 75% respectively for the period 2012-13 and 2013-14

Cultural and morphological studies on Ponnampet leaf and neck blast isolates of Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) barr on rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The study was carried out to standardize the optimal growth, sporulation and production of perfect stage of pathogen on different media. Among different media used such as Potato dextrose Agar (PDA), Oat meal Agar, Ragi flour agar, yeast extract + 2% soluble starch, Host extract + 2% soluble sucrose agar, Potato dextrose agar + Biotin + Thiamine and Rice flour agar, Oat meal agar and potato dextrose agar was found to be best media for radial growth and sporulation of M. grisea. Maximum conidia length (9.46?m) and breadth (7.36?m) was recorded in Oat meal agar followed by Potato dextrose agar and least conidia length (6.15 ?m) and breadth (5.11 ?m) was recorded in ragi flour media after 20 days of inoculation. Conidial size varied in leaf and neck blast isolates, the maximum mean colony diameter of 88.00mm and 89.16mm in neck and leaf blast was recorded in Oat meal agar respectively. The maximum sporulation mean index was observed in Oat Meal agar of 3.15 ?m in leaf and 3.20 ?m in neck blast was recorded. The best growth of the pathogen was recorded at optimum pH range from 6.0 - 7.0 and temperature of 27oC. Therefore oat meal agar media was found to be best among all the media used for growth, sporulation, conidial size and colony characters of M. grisea

Reactive Nitrogen in Coastal and Marine Waters of India and Its Relationship With Marine Aquaculture

India is bordered in the soutii, south-west, and south-east with Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea (AS), and the Bay of Bengal (BOB), respectively. Indian coast is 7517 km long comprising 5423 km in the peninsular India and 2094 km in Andaman and Nicobar, and Lakshadweep Islands. The Indian exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is spread in 2.02 million sq km (0.86 million sq km in west coast, 0.56 m illion sq km in east coast and 0.6 million sq km in Andaman and Nicobar Islands). The Indian marine environmentconsisting of adjoining coastal areas and EEZ directly sustains useful habitats and suppons the livelihood of 3.9 million fishers. Nearly 25% of the country’s population resides in these areas and about 340 communities are primarily occupied in marine and coastal fisheries (MoEF, 2009; SACEP, 2014). Nitrogen (N) exists in various chemical forms, produced by marine biota through several chemical transformations during their growth and metabolism in the marine environment. Nitrogen as N2 is generally unavailable in marine conditions and thereby, the equilibrium of the processes of N2 fixation (conversion of atmospheric N2 to organic nitrogen) and denitrification (conversion of nitrate to N2) decides the bioavailable nitrogen supply and productivity (Gruber, 2008)

NEW INTERVENTIONS IN FUMIGATING WITH APARAJITHA DHOOMA CHOORNAM

Aparajitha dhooma choornam is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine used to disinfect the environment. The microbicidal properties of Ayurvedic Dhoopana have been previously documented. The safety and efficacy of herbal products can be improved by incorporating modern technology while fumigating. The present study aims to show the efficacy of fumigation with Aparajitha dhooma choornam sticks in reducing microbial flora of work spaces so that it can be used conveniently on a regular basis to improve air quality and reduce the incidence of spread of airborne diseases. Bioassay studies were also carried out to check the insecticidal activity of Dhoopana against both larvae and adult mosquitoes found at site. Thus fumigation with Aparajitha dhooma choornam sticks and powder form was found to be effective in not only reducing microbial load but also in possessing insecticidal activity

Evaluating a novel bidirectional soft-switching DC-DC converter for electric vehicles

This research aims to build unique zero voltage transition (ZVT) non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters for hybrid electric vehicle battery storage. First, a high-voltage gain bidirectional converter (BDC) is examined. This converter can soft-switch insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The primary insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are operated under zero-current conditions throughout the turn-on to turn-off commutation phase to reduce switching losses and increase efficiency. A soft-switched cell with a resonant inductor, capacitor, and additional IGBTs achieves zero-current turn-off. A new converter uses insulated-gate bipolar transistors with zero-voltage transition operation. Soft-switched cells improve the hard-switched bridgeless DC-DC converter (BDC). Resonant inductors, capacitors, and auxiliary switching devices make up the soft-switched cell. Soft-switched cells enable zero voltage turn-on of primary insulated-gate bipolar transistors. This converter charges the battery in buck mode and boosts it to provide the necessary output voltage. This study examined a 70 V/300 V power system's high-gain bidirectional converter (BDC) design simulation. The converter was tested at 50 kHz with 800 W output power. The high-gain soft-switched BDC has 96.5% boost and 97% buck efficiency. Operating principles, design analysis, and simulation assessments are included in this study

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF OUSHADHI TOOTH POWDER USING MICROBES ISOLATED FROM DENTAL PLAQUE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS.

The oral cavity houses diverse microbial species influenced by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors, leading to biofilm formation and subsequent plaque build-up with caries evolution. Prevention strategies focusing on herbal ingredients and their efficacy in preventing dental plaque are essential to study. The mouth\u27s microflora acts as a natural barrier to pathogens, playing a crucial role in host defense. However, some microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens that can cause transient bacteremia and pyogenic infections. Hence, it is imperative to evaluate the efficacy of tooth powder in preventing bacterial adhesion using models that simulate biofilm formation in the oral environment. Additionally, antimicrobial sensitivity tests are performed to assess the effectiveness of ingredients present in tooth powder. These tests can help develop better oral healthcare products like herbal toothpaste, mouthwashes, and gargles. Improper oral health maintenance can lead to tooth and gum disease, which, if left untreated, can worsen chronic health conditions such as heart disease, arthritis, and diabetes. Maintaining oral health in the elderly presents unique challenges. This study aims to study the various parameters of an effective herbal toothpowder which contains mango leaves and suggest its form change to a mouthwash which may be better accepted. It is hoped that such a mouthwash will motivate geriatric patients to take an enthusiastic role in caring for their oral health holistically