Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk fac­tors that is responsible for most of the excess cardiovascular morbidity amongst patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Presence of MetS in T2DM markedly increases the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke and premature deaths. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of MetS and its individual components among patients with T2DM visiting Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharat­pur, Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: A laboratory-based descriptive cross sectional study carried out at CMC-TH between January and August, 2017. Data obtained in­cluded anthropometric indices, blood pressure and fasting serum lipid profile. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria were used for diagnosis of MetS. Data was ana­lyzed using SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Results: The overall prevalence of MetS among 150 T2DM patients (Mean age= 53.70±10.83 years, Male:Female=84:66) was 60%. The prev­alence was higher in females compared to males (75.75% vs.47.62%, P&lt;0.001). High blood pressure was the commonest MetS component. Following that, decreased HDL-c was the predominant component in females whereas raised triglyceride in the males. SBP/DBP, BMI and waist circumference were significantly associated with MetS.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS is high in diabetic patients, particu­larly in females and middle age group adults, with high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia as the commonest abnormalities. As MetS adds to the cardiovascular risk to the already at-risk diabetic popula­tion, timely identification and appropriate intervention is of utmost im­portance in reduction of disease burden in T2DM patients.</jats:p

PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk fac­tors that is responsible for most of the excess cardiovascular morbidity amongst patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Presence of MetS in T2DM markedly increases the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke and premature deaths. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of MetS and its individual components among patients with T2DM visiting Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharat­pur, Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: A laboratory-based descriptive cross sectional study carried out at CMC-TH between January and August, 2017. Data obtained in­cluded anthropometric indices, blood pressure and fasting serum lipid profile. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria were used for diagnosis of MetS. Data was ana­lyzed using SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Results: The overall prevalence of MetS among 150 T2DM patients (Mean age= 53.70±10.83 years, Male:Female=84:66) was 60%. The prev­alence was higher in females compared to males (75.75% vs.47.62%, P&lt;0.001). High blood pressure was the commonest MetS component. Following that, decreased HDL-c was the predominant component in females whereas raised triglyceride in the males. SBP/DBP, BMI and waist circumference were significantly associated with MetS.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS is high in diabetic patients, particu­larly in females and middle age group adults, with high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia as the commonest abnormalities. As MetS adds to the cardiovascular risk to the already at-risk diabetic popula­tion, timely identification and appropriate intervention is of utmost im­portance in reduction of disease burden in T2DM patients.</jats:p

Psychological Impact, Behavioral Changes and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Science Students of Nepal

Background: COVID-19 has become a great public health concern in the world. In this unbridled situation, most of the educational institutes have been closed as a result. Education sector suffers the worst during this period as it fails to get the real priority of the government. Aim: This study aims to assess the psychological impact, behavioral changes, and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic on health science students of Nepal. Methods: A web based online questionnaire that includes General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was used among 765 participants in between August and September 2020. A chi square test was used to test the association between variables. Results: The prevalence rate of moderate and severe anxiety was 16.1%. Surprisingly, participants with different ethnicity, study program, university affiliation, symptoms related to COVID-19, confirmed or suspected case, living status were associated with the anxiety level (p&lt;0.05). The majority of the participants were engaged in all recommended and avoidance behaviors. Majority of the participants have right perception about hand washing frequency, wearing face mask, avoid going out that can reduce the risk of catching COVID-19. Awareness of corrected hand hygiene practice was 20.4%. Conclusions: The awareness of correct hand washing practice is less optimal, increase anxiety levels and changes behavioral responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic during the rising phase of the outbreak. These findings will help the concerned authorities to make the necessary policies and strategies in order to improve the mental health of the participants.</jats:p