First chromosome characterization and repetitive DNA of Barred Gliding Lizard, Draco taeniopterus Günther, 1861 (Draconinae: Agamidae: Squamata)

This research was the first report on karyological analysis and distribution patterns of repetitive DNA using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique on the barred gliding lizard, Draco taeniopterus Günther, 1861. The 10 male and 10 female specimens were collected from Than To district, Yala province, Thailand. Chromosome preparation was performed by direct method using bone marrow and testis. The chromosomes were stained using conventional staining, NOR-banded, and FISH technique with d(GC)15, d(TA)15, d(CAG)10, and d(CAA)10 microsatellite probes. The karyotype of the barred gliding lizard reveals a diploid chromosome number of 34 and a fundamental chromosome number of 46, comprising of 8 pairs of large metacentric chromosomes, 2 pairs of small metacentric chromosomes, 2 pairs of large submetacentric chromosomes, and 22 pairs of microchromosomes, no sex chromosome detection between male and female karyotype. The metaphase I showed 17 bivalents and metaphase II showed haploid, n=17. The NOR is observed on the telomeric region of the last microchromosome pair 17th. Microsatellite repeat patterns indicate the presence of d(GC)15 and d(CAG)10 show specific regions, 2qter and 3qter respectively. While d(TA)15 and d(CAA)10, show cumulative signals dispersed throughout the chromosomes. This research can provide additional fundamental information for future genetic studies. The barred gliding lizard has the following karyotype formula: 2n=34=Lm8+Lsm2+Sm2+22mi

A study on karyotype of the pileated gibbon, Hylobates pileatus (Primates, Hylobatidae), by conventional staining

Cytogenetics of the pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus) at Nakhon Ratchasima Zoo, Thailand, was studied. Bloodsamples were taken from two female and two male gibbons. After lymphocyte culture, the mitotic chromosome preparationwas done by hypotonic-fixation-air-drying method and conventional Giemsas staining. The results show that diploid chromosomenumber was 44 (2n=2x=44), and the fundamental number (NF) were 88 chromosomes in both female and male.The autosomes consist of 12 large metacentric, 6 medium metacentric, 2 medium submetacentric, 2 medium acrocentric, 12small metacentric and 8 small submetacentric chromosomes. In addition, the chromosome 15 showed clearly observablesatellite chromosomes. The X chromosome was a medium submetacentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was a tinyacrocentric chromosome. The karyotype formula for the pileated gibbon is as follows:2n (44) = Lm12+Mm6+Msm2+Ma2+Sm12+Ssm8+sex-chromosome

The first chromosome characterization of the family Tragulidae (Artiodactyla) in Thailand by conventional staining

Karyotypes were studied from the family Tragulidae of Thailand, representing a single genus with two species namely; lesser Malay mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus) and larger Malay mouse-deer (Tragulus napu). Blood samples were taken from the two species kept in Khoa Kheow Open Zoo, Chonburi province and Songkhla Zoo, Songkhla province,Thailand. After standard whole blood lymphocyte culture in presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional Giemsa’s staining was applied to visualize chromosomes. The karyotype of lesser Malay mouse deer showed that diploid chromosome number was 2n=32 and fundamental numbers (NF) were 64 in both female and male. The autosomes consist of 6 large metacentric, 6 large submetacentric, 14 medium metacentric,2 submetacentric and 2 small metacentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was a large submetacentric chromosome while the Y chromosome was a small metacentric chromosome. For our result, the first karyotypic study of T. napu, the larger Malay mouse-deer, the karyotype shows that diploid chromosome number was 2n=32, and NF were 64 in both female and male. The autosomes consist of 6 large metacentric, 6 large submetacentric, 12 medium metacentric, 2 medium submetacentric, 2 medium acrocentric and 2 small submetacentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was a large submetacentricchromosome while the Y chromosome was the smallest metacentric chromosome

A comparative chromosome analysis of Thai wild boar (Sus scrofa jubatus) and relationship to domestic pig (S. s. domestica) by conventional staining, G-banding and high-resolution technique

This research is the first comparative chromosome analysis report of Thai wild boar (Sus scrofa jubatus) and its relationship to domestic pig (S. s. domestica) by conventional staining, G-banding and high-resolution technique. Blood samples of the Thai wild boar were taken from two males and two females kept in Nakhon Ratchasima Zoo. After standard whole blood lymphocyte culture at 37 oC for 72 hr. in the presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and airdried. Conventional staining, G-banding and high-resolution technique were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the number of diploid chromosomes of Thai wild boar was 2n (diploid) = 38, and the fundamental numbers (NF) were 62 in the male and female. The type of autosomes were 12 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, 4 acrocentric and 6 telocentric chromosomes, with X and Y chromosomes being metacentric chromosomes. We found that chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, X and Y had the same Gbanding and high-resolution technique patterns as those of domestic pig chromosomes. Chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 15 are similar to those of domestic pig chromosomes. These results show the evolutionary relationship between the Thai wild boar and the domestic pig

First report of karyological analysis and heteromorphic nucleolar organizer region of Black Surgeonfish (Acanthurus gahhm, Acanthuridae) in Thailand

This research was the first report on karyological analysis and heteromorphic nucleolar organizer region of black surgeonfish (Acanthurus gahhm, Acanthuridae) in Thailand. The 10 male and 10 female specimens were collected from Phuket Marine Biological Center, and Phang Nga Coastal Research and Development Center, Andaman Sea, Thailand. Mitotic chromosomes were directly prepared from gill and kidney tissues. The chromosomes were stained by conventional Giemsa staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques. Results showed that the diploid chromosomes number of A. gahhm was 2n=48, the fundamental numbers (NF) was 54 in both male and female. The karyotype consist of 6 large acrocentric, 20 large telocentric, 18 medium telocentric and 4 small telocentric chromosomes. None of strange size chromosomes related to sex was found. The heteromorphic nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were observed on telomeric short arm of first acrocentric which can defined as 1a1b. There is NOR in 1a and not in 1b. The karyotype formula of black surgeon fish was as follows: 2n (48) = La6+Lt20+Mt18+St4</jats:p

Some molecular cytogenetic markers and classical chromosomal features of Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786) and Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764) in Thailand

This study analyzed the karyological features of two bird species – Spilopelia chinensis and Tachybaptus ruficollis – from Northeastern Thailand. Mitotic chromosomes were indirectly prepared by fibroblast cell culture. The chromosomes were stained by conventional Giemsa staining and microsatellite repeat of fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. Giemsa staining showed that the diploid chromosome number of S. chinensis was 2n=70 and T. ruficollis was 60. The types of chromosomes observed in S. chinensis were 4 large metacentric, 2 medium acrocentric, 2 small metacentric, 2 small submetacentric, 2 sex chromosomes and 58 microchromosomes; the karyotype of T. ruficollis comprised 2 large metacentric, 2 large submetacentric, 2 large acrocentric, 8 small metacentric, 4 small submetacentric, ZW sex chromosomes and 40 microchromosomes. The molecular cytogenetical features that were exhibited only on the male T. ruficollis chromosome included two microsatellites and telomeric sequences: two signals of d(CA)15 on two microchromosomes, one signal of d(GC)15 on one of the first pair, and signals of AGGGTTn sequences on each telomeric region of all macro- and microchromosomes. The karyotype formula was deduced as: 2n (70) = Lm4 + Ma2 + Sm2 + Ssm2 + 2 sex chromosomes (Sm1/Ssm1) + 58 microchromosomes for S. chinensis and 2n (60) = Lm2 +Lsm2 + La2 + Sm8 + Ssm4 + Z (Msm1) W (Ssm1) + 40 microchromosomes for T. ruficollis.</jats:p