Coupled coating formation simulation in thermal spray processes using CFD and FEM

This paper deals with the simulation of coating formation in Thermal Spray processes. That means that impingement and flattening of molten metal- or ceramic particles with a diameter of about 50 microns on a rough surface have to be regarded. In this work, this is accomplished use of the Volume of Fluid method. The disadvantage here is that only the pure flattening process can be considered. In order to implicate the shrinking of the particles due to cooling down after solidification, which is responsible for the occurrence of pores and thermal stresses, a Finite Element calculation is done subsequent to the CFD calculation. After the FEM calculation has finished, the newly generated, shrinked particle shape has to be re-imported into the CFD grid. © 2009-2012.DFG/PAK193DFG/BA 851/92-

Formation of a Double Diamond Cubic Phase by Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Self-Assembly of Bundled Bolaamphiphiles

A quaternary amphiphile with swallow-tail side groups displays a new bicontinuous thermotropic cubic phase with symmetry Pn3‾ m and formed by two interpenetrating networks where cylindrical segments are linked by H bonds at tetrahedral junctions. Each network segment contains two bundles, each containing 12 rod-like mesogens, lying along the segment axis. This assembly leads to the first thermotropic structure of the "double diamond" type. A quantitative geometric model is proposed to explain the occurrence of this rare phase

Hyaluronate levels in donor organ washout effluents: a simple and predictive parameter of graft viability

The principal cause of primary non-function in orthotopic liver transplantation is thought to be preservation injury to the microvasculature. We, therefore, evaluated if effluent levels of hyaluronate, whose uptake is an endothelial cell marker, could predict early graft function and ultimate graft outcome in orthotopic liver transplantation. A total of 102 cases were studied in two phases. In the first phase, we attempted to determine if a correlation existed between effluent hyaluronate levels, early graft function and ultimate graft outcome. This phase of the study was also used to determine hypothetical cut-off values for hyaluronate which could discriminate between good and bad livers. Thirty-two livers orthotopically transplanted to randomly selected primary recipients were studied. After varying periods of static cold storage (4°C) in University of Wisconsin solution, the livers were reinfused with cold (4°C) lactated Ringer’s solution. The first 50 ml of the reperfusion effluent was collected from the infrahepatic vena cava. Effluent samples were analyzed for hyaluronate. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between effluent hyaluronate levels and post-operative aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels (p<0.001 for both). Logistic regression demonstrated a highly significant correlation (p = 0.0056) between effluent hyaluronate levels and ultimate graft outcome. Generation of Receiver Characteristics Curves indicated that a level between 400 and 430 μg·l(−1) could possibly discriminate between good livers and those at risk of early graft failure. The authenticity of this hyaluronate cut-off level was further confirmed in the second phase of the study where 70 consecutive primary crossmatch-negative transplants were performed. A highly significant difference was observed in peak aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels in the first week (p<0.0006 and p<0.0005, respectively) between livers with effluent hyaluronate levels≤400 μg·l(−1) and livers with hyaluronate levels higher than 400 μg·l(−1) Logistic regression revealed a highly significant correlation between effluent hyaluronate levels and graft success (p=0.0001). Since hyaluronate uptake by the microvascular endothelial cell is significantly greater than production, high hyaluronate effluent levels in failed livers would be due to decreased hyaluronate uptake by the injured microvascular endothelial cell. We therefore conclude that effluent hyaluronate levels may prove to be a reliable preoperative test to assess early graft function and outcome in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation

A Study of the Retention of Five Selected Mathematical Concepts of Seventh Graders in the Coulee Dam Public School System as Based on the Inductive and Deductive Methods of Teaching

The inductive and deductive methods of teaching for retention were compared in this study. It was also the purpose to determine whether there were significant sex differences in retention when the two methods were compared. Therefore, five hypotheses were tested

When kids act out: a comparison of embodied methods to improve children's memory for a story

Over the last decade, embodied cognition, the idea that sensorimotor processes facilitate higher cognitive processes, has proven useful for improving children's memory for a story. In order to compare the benefits of two embodiment techniques, active experiencing (AE) and indexing, for children's memory for a story, we compared the immediate recall of different types of idea units across three conditions. Participants were between the ages of 7 and 11 and were randomly allocated to experimental conditions. The experimental groups were matched on comprehension ability and age. In the indexing condition, children acted out a short story using a playset (i.e., a Playmobil® playset with figurines), in the AE condition, children read the story using enactment, and during the control condition, children simply read the story. We predicted that children in the indexing condition would recall more action-based idea units, whilst children in the AE condition would recall more descriptive and dialogic idea units. Children in the AE condition recalled more descriptive idea units than in the control condition, whilst in the indexing condition, only poorer comprehenders recalled more descriptive information. Our findings suggest that these two embodiment techniques effect different components of reading comprehension and that future research should investigate these differences more specifically

Implementing Positive Language in Anesthesia: Utilizing the Comfort Scale

Implementing Positive Language in Anesthesia: Utilizing the Comfort Scale Tricia Oakes & Elisabeth Prehm Faculty Sponsor: Pamela Schwartz DNP, CRNA Background Verbal numeric pain scales (ranking pain on a scale from zero to ten) are widely utilized and taught in medicine. Evidence-based research has shown that verbal numeric comfort scales are associated with a decrease in opioid administration, improved pain perceptions, and overall better patient satisfaction .7 Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of a video-based educational tool demonstrating the use of a comfort scale in the perioperative setting among Nurse Anesthesia Trainees (NATs), and to examine sociodemographic factors and knowledge score for any significant association with the NATs’ willingness to incorporate the VNRS comfort scale into practice. Methods A pre-test, post-test study design was used for the conduct of the study. Fifty-six NATs from NorthShore University HealthSystem School of Nurse Anesthesia completed the pre- and post-test surveys that examined the effects of the video on the participants’ knowledge regarding the use of the VNRS comfort scale. Results The paired t test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the means score between the pre- and post-test surveys (p\u3c 0.01, t= -10.44; df= 55). Additionally, on the post-test, 100% of NATs (n=56) responded that yes, they would incorporate the comfort scale into their practice. Conclusion This could have significant impacts on future interactions with patients, as providers may be more inclined to use the comfort scale in their practice. Keywords: Comfort Scale Positive Language Anesthesia Multimedia Learning Too

Zeolite-like liquid crystals

Zeolites represent inorganic solid-state materials with porous structures of fascinating complexity. Recently, significant progress was made by reticular synthesis of related organic solid-state materials, such as metal-organic or covalent organic frameworks. Herein we go a step further and report the first example of a fluid honeycomb mimicking a zeolitic framework. In this unique self-assembled liquid crystalline structure, transverse-lying π-conjugated rod-like molecules form pentagonal channels, encircling larger octagonal channels, a structural motif also found in some zeolites. Additional bundles of coaxial molecules penetrate the centres of the larger channels, unreachable by chains attached to the honeycomb framework. This creates a unique fluid hybrid structure combining positive and negative anisotropies, providing the potential for tuning the directionality of anisotropic optical, electrical and magnetic properties. This work also demonstrates a new approach to complex soft-matter self-assembly, by using frustration between space filling and the entropic penalty of chain extension