A short glimpse on promising pharmacological effects of Begenia ciliata

Bergenia ciliata is a potent indigenous folk medicine that has been proved fruitful in the treatment of various adverse conditions of the body. The major chemical constituents of plant include tannic acid, gallic acid, glucose, metarbin, albumen, bergenin, (+)-catechin, gallicin. Bergenia ciliata was subjected to bioactivity analysis. The plant has antitussive, antiulcer, antioxidant, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, toxicological activity. It was observed that root and leaves extract were promising as antifungal agent. The root and leaves extract were effective against Microsporum canis, Pleuroetus oustreatus and Candida albicans.   All the extracts except chloroform extract of root and leaves of Bergenia ciliata were found to possess hypoglycemic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ) treated rats. The methanolic extract exhibited significant anti-tussive activity in a dose-dependent manner. B. ciliata bear potent anti-neoplastic activities that may have prospective clinical use as precursor for preventive medicine. Methanolic and aqueous B. ciliata rhizome extracts were found to possess antioxidant activity, including reducing power, free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition potential. Bergenia ciliata extracts exhibit a narrow spectrum antibacterial activity. The results obtained thus suggest that extracts of B. ciliata have promising therapeutic potential and could be considered as potential source for drug development by pharmaceutical industries

Pharmacological activities of pyrazolone derivatives

Pyrazoline is a five member heterocyclic ring which is a versatile lead compound for designing potent bioactive agents. The review of the literature shows that the pyrazoline derivatives are quite stable and has inspired the chemists to synthesize the new pyrazoline derivatives. The past studies of pyrazoline derivative revealed that they are useful in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research. Pyrazoline derivatives display various pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antitubercular, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant etc. and the pharmacological activities of different synthesized compound are reviewed in the present article

A REVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS VALIDATION OF SOLID DOSAGE FORM [TABLETS]

The article gives an introduction and general overview on process validation of pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing process. Process Validation is one of the important steps in achieving and maintaining the quality of final product. Process validation emphasizes the role of statistical tools and analyses, knowledge, detection, and control of variability and thus gives assurance on consistency of quality product. The validation study provides the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the established and documented test methods employed by the manufacturer. Thus, validation is an essential part of the quality assurance. This review examines the need for pharmaceutical validation, the various approaches, process and steps to be monitored during tablet manufacturing process. Key words: Process Validation, Types, Validation Stages, Guidelines and Process.Â

PRODRUG AS A NOVEL APPROACH OF DRUG DELIVERY- A REVIEW

Prodrugs are bioreversible derivatives of drug molecules that undergo an enzymatic and/or chemical transformation in vivo to release the active parent drug, which can then exert the desired pharmacological effect. Prodrug design is a choice of approach in solving many of the problems like stability, toxicity, solubility, permeability and drug targeting that affect drug discovery and development. Prodrug design is fruitful approach for drug targeting by changing the physiochemical, biopharmaceutical or pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. About 10-14% of drugs approved worldwide can be classified as prodrugs. The present article takes a review of introduction, classification, applications of prodrug design in various areas of drug development and basic functional groups that are amenable to prodrug design.Keywords: Prodrugs, objectives, classification, application, functional groups, limitation

A SHORT COMPILATION ON ZIKA VIRUS TRANSMISSION AND ITS COMPLICATION DURING PREGNANCY

Zika virus, a mosquito borne flavivirus transmitted primar­ily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is a pathogen affecting humans. These vectors also trans­mit dengue and chikungunya virus and are found throughout much of the world, including parts of the United States. An estimated 80% of persons infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic. Microcephaly is the greater risk for the infant born from the Zika Virus infected pregnant mother. This virus also causes neurological syndromes. Zika virus disease can often be diagnosed by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on serum. Keywords: Zika Virus, Pregnancy, Microcephaly, Aedes aegypti mosquito, Brazil

Heart Failure Drug Class Effects on 30-Day Readmission Rates in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Retrospective Single Center Study

Background: The pharmacologic management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) involves far fewer options with demonstrated additional benefit. Therefore, we examined the effect of combination of multiple classes of HF medication in the 30-day hospital readmission in patients with HFpEF. Methods: All adult patients discharged with a diagnosis of HFpEF and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥ 50% reported during the admission or within the previous six months from our institution were retrospectively studied for a 30-day hospital readmission risk. Individual as well as combination drug therapy at the time of hospital discharge were evaluated using Pearson chi2 test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall 30-day readmission rate in this HFpEF cohort of 445 discharges was 29%. Therapy with loop diuretics (p = 0.011), loop diuretics and angiotensin receptor blocker (p = 0.043) and loop diuretics and beta blockers (p = 0.049) were associated with a lower risk of 30-day hospital readmission. Multivariate logistic regression revealed only loop diuretics to be associated with a lower risk of hospital readmission in patients with HFpEF (OR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90; p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our study revealed that loop diuretics at discharge decreases early readmission in patients with HFpEF. Further, our study highlights the implication of a lack of guidelines and treatment challenges in HFpEF patients and emphasizes the importance of a conservative approach in preventing early readmission in patients with HFpEF