On the two-dimensional stability of the axisymmetric Burgers vortex

The stability of the axisymmetric Burgers vortex solution of the Navier–Stokes equations to two-dimensional perturbations is studied numerically up to Reynolds numbers, R=Gamma/2pinu, of order 104. No unstable eigenmodes for azimuthal mode numbers n=1,..., 10 are found in this range of Reynolds numbers. Increasing the Reynolds number has a stabilizing effect on the vortex

Structure and stability of non-symmetric Burgers vortices

We investigate, numerically and analytically, the structure and stability of steady and quasi-steady solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations corresponding to stretched vortices embedded in a uniform non-symmetric straining field, ([alpha]x, [beta]y, [gamma]z), [alpha]+[beta]+[gamma]=0, one principal axis of extensional strain of which is aligned with the vorticity. These are known as non-symmetric Burgers vortices (Robinson & Saffman 1984). We consider vortex Reynolds numbers R=[Gamma]/(2[pi]v) where [Gamma] is the vortex circulation and v the kinematic viscosity, in the range R=1[minus sign]104, and a broad range of strain ratios [lambda]=([beta][minus sign][alpha])/([beta]+[alpha]) including [lambda]>1, and in some cases [lambda][dbl greater-than sign]1. A pseudo-spectral method is used to obtain numerical solutions corresponding to steady and quasi-steady vortex states over our whole (R, [lambda]) parameter space including [lambda] where arguments proposed by Moffatt, Kida & Ohkitani (1994) demonstrate the non-existence of strictly steady solutions. When [lambda][dbl greater-than sign]1, R[dbl greater-than sign]1 and [epsilon][identical with][lambda]/R[double less-than sign]1, we find an accurate asymptotic form for the vorticity in a region 11. An iterative technique based on the power method is used to estimate the largest eigenvalues for the non-symmetric case [lambda]>0. Stability is found for 0[less-than-or-eq, slant][lambda][less-than-or-eq, slant]1, and a neutrally convective mode of instability is found and analysed for [lambda]>1. Our general conclusion is that the generalized non-symmetric Burgers vortex is unconditionally stable to two-dimensional disturbances for all R, 0[less-than-or-eq, slant][lambda][less-than-or-eq, slant]1, and that when [lambda]>1, the vortex will decay only through exponentially slow leakage of vorticity, indicating extreme robustness in this case

Elastic hadron scattering and optical theorem

All contemporary phenomenological models of elastic hadronic scattering have been based in principle on the assumption of optical theorem validity that has been overtaken from optics. It will be shown that the given theorem which has not been actually proved in particle physics cannot be applied to short-ranged strong interactions. The analysis of corresponding collision experiments is to be done under new basic assumptions. The actual progress in description of hadronic collision processes might then exist only if the initial states are specified on the basis of impact parameter values of colliding particles and probability dependence on this parameter is established, without limiting corresponding conclusion by optical theorem validity.Comment: 11 pages, improved text to emphasize invalidity of optical theorem in short-ranged hadronic collisions and the necessity of looking for some new description of elastic hadronic scattering which would not be based on this theore

Detection of Braking Tracks using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIBS + LIFS)

Předmětem této práce je ověření potenciálu analytické metody Spektroskopie laserem buzeného plazmatu (LIBS) pro detekci vizuálně nezřetelných brzdných stop. Tyto stopy jsou detekovány na základě odlišnosti chemického složení běhounu pneumatiky ve srovnání s povrchem vozovky. Samotné ověření probíhá v několika postupných krocích – volbou vhodného prvku a jeho spektrální čáry pro identifikaci brzdné stopy; určením limitů detekce resp. prahové hodnoty intenzity signálu dané spektrální čáry prvku; ověřením detekce na reálné brzdné stopě. Brzdná stopa byla vytvořena za přesně definovaných a popsaných podmínek. Detekce brzdné stopy byla provedena dvěma způsoby – odběrem pomocí adhesní pásky a analýzou v laboratoři; pomocí mobilního zařízení přímo na místě. Výsledky měření ukázaly, že oba způsoby jsou pro identifikaci brzdné stopy použitelné a mají své klady a zápory. Pro oba tyto způsoby byly navrženy koncepce přístrojů, které by umožnily rutinní měření.The aim of this work is to investigate the potential of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for identification of visually unrecognizable braking tracks. Identification of these tracks is based on different chemical composition of tire tread in comparison to road surface. The investigation was divided in several sequential steps – selection of suitable chemical element and its spectral line for break tracks identification; determination of the limits of detection and threshold intensity respectively for the selected chemical element; verification of LIBS ability to detect braking tracks on a real braking track. This testing braking track was prepared by exactly defined and described conditions. The detection was performed in two ways – laboratory analysis of tire treads particles collected via adhesive tape and in situ analysis via mobile apparatus. Results of both measurements showed that LIBS is able to detect visually unrecognizable braking tracks. Concepts of the devices capable of routine braking tracks identification for both possibilities were introduced.