Die Mittelklasse in der indonesischen Provinz: Eine Fallstudie über Ökonomie und Lebensstil der Mittelklasse in einer Kleinstadt im Südwesten Sumatras

Muara Aman in Southwest Sumatra is a typical small Indonesian town. Its economy is based on a mixture of trade, civil service, and cash crop agriculture. A special feature of this market town and regional center at kecamatan-level is its glorious past as a booming gold mining town in colonial times. This paper deals with the question of how the middle class of rural areas can be characterized. Until recently, debate focused on the newly emerged middle class of the big cities with their extravagant lifestyle. Not very much attention has been paid to the emerging middle class of rural areas - which may well outnumber the middle class of the metropolises. The following case study tries to fill this gap. The rural middle class households of a farmer, a trader and a civil servant are described. The rural middle class is then characterized by discussing consumer behaviour, ceremonial values, gender roles and ideology and the attitude towards the state

A low-power IoT device for measuring water table levels and soil moisture to ease increased crop yields

The simultaneous measurement of soil water content and water table levels is of great agronomic and hydrological interest. Not only does soil moisture represent the water available for plant growth but also water table levels can affect crop productivity. Furthermore, monitoring soil saturation and water table levels is essential for an early warning of extreme rainfall situations. However, the measurement of these parameters employing commercial instruments has certain disadvantages, with a high cost of purchase and maintenance. In addition, the handling of commercial devices makes it difficult to adapt them to the specific requirements of farmers or decision-makers. Open-source IoT hardware platforms are emerging as an attractive alternative to developing flexible and low-cost devices. This paper describes the design of a datalogger device based on open-source hardware platforms to register water table levels and soil moisture data for agronomic applications. The paper begins by describing energy-saving and wireless transmission techniques. Then, it summarizes the linear calibration of the phreatimeter sensor obtained with laboratory and field data. Finally, it shows how non-linear machine-learning techniques improve predictions over classical tools for the moisture sensor (SKU: SEN0193).This work is supported by Universidad Nacional del Litoral, research grants CAID 50520190100249LI and CAAT 03012020, and the National Spanish funding PID2019-107910RB-I00, by regional project 2017SGR-990, and with the support of Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya i del Fons Social Europeu.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Cómo afectan los medios de comunicación al imputado de un proceso penal

Fil: Fritzler Prodolliet, Katherine Stacie. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Derecho; Argentina.En el presente trabajo se analiza de qué manera los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales afectan al imputado de un proceso penal, tanto para la decisión que tomará el Juez o el jurado -en su caso-, como también a dicho imputado en su ámbito personal. Al efecto, se comienza con un abordaje teórico en cuanto al alcance del principio de inocencia y cómo los efectos del mismo, en ocasiones pueden colisionar con la garantía democrática de la libertad de prensa y acceso a la información. Analizaremos el concepto de ‘juicios paralelos’ y como a lo largo de las últimas décadas la garantía de publicidad del proceso penal ha pasado a ser -en no pocas oportunidades- un arma de doble filo ante este llamado “cuarto poder”. Posteriormente revisaremos legislación comparada de distintos países, en donde rigen restricciones a fin de preservar información relacionada al juicio, justamente para evitar presiones a los juzgadores, como juicios de medios que afecten garantías fundamentales de quien será juzgado. Por último repasaremos dos casos de gran cobertura mediática en el país -uno que perduró, y otro que se pudo aplacar la prensa a la brevedad- y compararemos la diferencia de pena impuesta a cada una de las personas encartadas. En la conclusión, trataré de determinar si es necesario sancionar una nueva ley para proteger a los acusados durante el proceso, con el objeto de garantizarle un juicio justo