Language system contacts or intersystem factors?

The paper examines the issue of reasons and mechanism of diachronic changes in the English language. The aim of the article is not to challenge the sociolinguistic origin of changes theory, but to provide a detailed description of the intersystem process. Step-by-step reconstruction of the process shows that three levels of the language system have taken part in it: accent logical, phonological and morphologica

Хлорфенолы в органическом синтезе

Received: 17.08.2016; accepted: 11.10.2016; published: 01.12.2016.Поступило: 17.08.2016; приянято: 11.10.2016; опубликовано: 01.12.2016.This article reviews the alternatives for modifications of p-chlorophenols, p-chloroanisoles with the formation of C-C, C-N, C-S and C-B bonds. It is worth noting the high fundamental as well as practical importance of these reactions due to the availability and cheapness of initial chlorine substituted derivatives of phenol.В данном обзоре рассмотрены варианты модификаций п-хлорфенолов и п-хлоранизолов с образованием связей C-C, C-N, C-S и C-B. Стоит отметить высокую не только фундаментальную, но и практическую значимость данных реакций, ввиду доступности и дешевизны исходных хлорзамещенных производных фенола

Indication for the coexistence of closed orbit and quantum interferometer with the same cross section in the organic metal (ET)4(H3O)[Fe(C2O4)3].C6H4Cl2: Persistence of SdH oscillations above 30 K

Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations spectra of the quasi-two dimensional charge transfer salt $\beta$"-(ET)$_4$(H$_3$O)[Fe(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$]$\cdot$C$_6$H$_4$Cl$_2$ have been investigated in pulsed magnetic fields up to 54 T. The data reveal three basic frequencies F$_a$, F$_b$ and F$_{b - a}$, which can be interpreted on the basis of three compensated closed orbits at low temperature. However a very weak thermal damping of the Fourier component F$_b$, with the highest amplitude, is evidenced for SdH spectra above about 6 K. As a result, magnetoresistance oscillations are observed at temperatures higher than 30 K. This feature, which is not observed for dHvA oscillations, is in line with quantum interference, pointing to a Fermi surface reconstruction in this compound.Comment: published in Eur. Phys. J. B 71 203 (2009

Peculiarities of sub-barrier fusion with quantum diffusion approach

With the quantum diffusion approach the unexpected behavior of fusion cross section, angular momentum, and astrophysical S-factor at sub-barrier energies has been revealed. Out of the region of short-range nuclear interaction and action of friction at turning point the decrease rate of the cross section under the barrier becomes smaller. The calculated results for the reactions with spherical nuclei are in a good agreement with the existing experimental data.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Indicators of isokinetic dynamometry of the hip muscles in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome after complex correction procedure

Objective: to compare the strength of the hip muscles before and after a complex correction procedure for the neuromuscular apparatus of the lumbosacral spine and lower limb in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Materials and methods: 40 athletes 18-35 years old (mean age -27±6.5 years (M±m)) participated in a randomized control trial. Chondromalacia patellae confirmed by traumatologist was the inclusion criteria. Methods: isokinetic dynamometry. Results: an increase in the strength of the quadriceps muscle and the hamstring muscles at low, medium and high speeds of isokinetic dynamometry was registered after the course of treatment. The study group with exercises for stabilizing the lumbosacral spine and lower limb showed higher strength indices than the control group with exercises for training the muscles of lower limb alone. Conclusions: inclusion of complex correction procedure in the rehabilitation program for athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome in comparison with the traditional method of therapeutic gymnastics allows to increase the maximum arbitrary force and the endurance of the quadriceps, to improve the neuromuscular capabilities of the quadriceps

Placing names conversion into verbs as a mean of explaning their outstanding properties

Verbs formed from toponyms by zero conversion are the focus of this article. The paper intends to show that converting a place name into a verb is a prominent way of explicating the place's salient properties. The data were collected from the corpora and detected on news, media sites and blogs. The study shows that verbs formed from place names demonstrate how people conceptualize place

Legal certainty of legality principle in the legislation of the continental and anglo-american system

In this article, through the comparative legal analysis of domestic, as well as foreign constitutional and criminal law norm content, various approaches to the principle of legality and its main features were examine

The subject of crime: the problem of establishing age limits of criminal responsibility

This article presents the authors’ analysis of the problem of determining the subject of a crime as a legal concept, and defining the legal characteristics of a person who has committed a crime by features that are necessary for criminal responsibility (individual, age, and responsibility

Morphological classification of dysphemisms in artistic discourse

This study pursued the following goal: to analyze the morphological features of dysphemisms within the framework of artistic discourse. The concept of dysphemism was described, and a classification of dysphemisms in contemporary linguistic