Remote Assessment of Cultural Heritage Environments with Wireless Sensor Array Networks

The logistics and cost of environmental monitoring can represent challenges for heritage managers, partly because of the sheer number of environmental parameters to consider. There is a need for a system, capable of monitoring the holistic impact of the environment on cultural materials while remaining relatively easy to use and providing remote access. This paper describes a dosimetric system based on piezoelectric quartz crystal technology. The prototype sensing module consists of an array of piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQC) coated with different metals (Fe, Cu, Ni and Sn) and includes a temperature and relative humidity sensor. The communication module involves an 802.15.4 low-power radio and a GPRS gateway which allows real time visualisation of the measurements online. An energy management protocol ensures that the system consumes very low power between measurements. The paper also describes the results and experiences from two heritage field deployments, at Apsley House in London, UK, and at the Royal Palaces of Abomey in Benin. Evaluation of PQC measurements, temperature, relative humidity and the rate of successful transmission over the communication systems are also reported

In situ monitoring of corrosion mechanisms and phosphate inhibitor surface deposition during corrosion of zinc–magnesium–aluminium (ZMA) alloys using novel time-lapse microscopy

In-situ time-lapse optical microscopy was used to examine the microstructural corrosion mechanisms in three zinc-magnesium-aluminium (ZMA) alloy coated steels immersed in 1% NaCl pH 7. Preferential corrosion of MgZn2 lamellae within the eutectic phases was observed in all the ZMA alloys followed by subsequent dissolution of Zn rich phases. The total extent and rate of corrosion, measured using time-lapse image analysis and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) estimated mass loss, decreased as Mg and Al alloying additions were increased up to a level of 3 wt% Mg and 3.7 wt% Al. This was probably due to the increased presence of MgO and Al2O3 at the alloy surface retarding the kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction. The addition of 1 x 10-2 mol/dm3 Na3PO4 to 1% NaCl pH 7 had a dramatic influence on the corrosion mechanism for a ZMA with passivation of anodic sites through phosphate precipitation observed using time-lapse. Intriguing rapid precipitation of filamentous phosphate was also observed and it is postulated that these filaments nucleate and grow due to super saturation effects. Polarisation experiments showed that the addition of 1 x 10-2 mol/dm3 Na3PO4 to the 1% NaCl electrolyte promoted an anodic shift of 50mV in open circuit potential for the ZMA alloy with a reduction in anodic current of 2.5 orders of magnitude suggesting that it was acting primarily as an anodic inhibitor supporting the inferences from the time-lapse investigations. These phosphate additions resulted in a 98% reduction in estimated mass loss as measured by SVET demonstrating the effectiveness of phosphate inhibitors for this alloy system

A Mixed Methodological Analysis of the Role of Culture and Diagnostic Variance Among Counselors and Counselor Trainees

As the U.S. population continues to diversify, counselors are challenged to respond to the interface of culture and mental health concerns of clients (Gushue, Constantine, & Sciarra, 2008). It is important for counselors when making clinical decisions to reflect on the diverse needs of clients as well as the potential impact of cultural factors on mental health (Sue & Sue, 2008). Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the clinical decision-making process among counselors and counselor trainees and how, if at all, cultural factors influence the case conceptualization of clients. The study also investigated how counselors and counselor trainees collect and process client data when making clinical decisions to include: diagnostic decisions, current level of functioning, and prognosis. The concurrent mixed methods study tests and revises a grounded theory of clinical decision-making and degree of match between counselors, counselor trainees, and clients (Hays, McLeod, & Prosek, 2009; Hays, Prosek, & McLeod, 2010). Participants viewed 1 of 6 mock client videos representing identical symptomology, but differing on cultural variables of race/ethnicity and gender. After viewing the video, participants diagnosed the client and completed an electronic survey packet of both qualitative open-ended survey questions and quantitative survey instruments. Demographic information was collected from participants to determine degree of cultural match with client. Results indicate counselors and counselor trainees arrive at different diagnostic decisions when provided identical clinical data. However, counselors and counselor trainees utilize similar cognitive tools when conceptualizing information from clients. Diagnostic variance was identified to account for differences in diagnoses. Cultural factors such as race/ethnicity and gender are considered within the presenting problem and/or diagnostic decision; but cultural bias also influences the clinical decision-making process. There is a statistically significant relationship between the degree of racial/ethnic match between counselor/counselor trainee and client and the consideration of race/ethnicity in the presenting problem and/or diagnostic decision. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the degree of gender match between counselor/counselor trainee and client and the consideration of gender in the presenting problem and/or diagnostic decision. Lastly, there were no statistically significant relationships between cultural bias and perceptions of client functioning; although the small sample size limits the quantitative findings of the study. The developing theory of the clinical decision-making process of counselors and counselor trainees is presented. Implications of the theory for counselor educators and future research are discussed

The Relationship Between Counseling Students’ Theoretical Orientation and Treatment Outcomes

A MANCOVA was conducted to determine differences in client treatment outcomes based on counseling students’ theoretical orientations. Results indicated that at a training clinic, clients demonstrated statistically significant improvement and, students’ theoretical orientation did not significantly affect client outcomes. Pedagogical strategies are suggested for counselor educators and supervisors

Chromate-free smart release corrosion inhibitive pigments containing cations

A smart release chrome-free inhibiting system is utilised in an organic coating system to inhibit cathodic disbondment of hot dip galvanised steel. The non-toxic smart release cation system is relatively cheap, easy to process and highly effective. An in-situ scanning Kelvin probe is used to assess the protection offered by the cation containing pigments in a poly-vinyl-butyral model coating. The inhibition of cathodic delamination under the SKP testing conditions exceeds that of hexavalent chromate by the inhibitor system containing magnesium(II) ions

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance Property of a Zn-AI-Mg Alloy with Different Solidification Processes

Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating attracted much attention due to its high corrosion resistance properties, especially high anti-corrosion performance at the cut edge. As the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating was usually produced by hot-dip galvanizing method, solidification process was considered to influence its microstructure and corrosion properties. In this work, a Zn-Al-Mg cast alloy was melted and cooled to room temperature with different solidification processes, including water quench, air cooling and furnace cooling. Microstructure of the alloy with different solidification processes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Result shows that the microstructure of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy are strongly influenced by solidification process. With increasing solidification rate, more Al is remained in the primary crystal. Electrochemical analysis indicates that with lowering solidification rate, the corrosion current density of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy decreases, which means higher corrosion resistance

Fördert der Jugendverband Cevi Lebenskompetenzen von Jugendlichen? : eine qualitative Studie

Einleitung: Jugendliche sind besonders gefährdet psychische Probleme zu entwickeln. Lebenskompetenzen sind individuelle Ressourcen mit bedeutendem Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit. Um Lebenskompetenzen von Jugendlichen zu fördern, braucht es einen direkten Zugang zu ihnen. Der Cevi als drittgrösster Jugendverband der Schweiz erreicht zahlreiche junge Menschen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu untersuchen, inwiefern der Jugendverband Cevi Lebenskompetenzen von Jugendlichen fördert. Methode: Das qualitative Untersuchungsdesign beinhaltet eine Fokusgruppendiskussion und ein Interview mit einer Expertin. Die Gespräche sind transkribiert und durch eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz und Rädiker ausgewertet. Zentrale Ergebnisse: Der Cevi hat das Potenzial, Lebenskompetenzen von Jugendlichen durch diverse Chancen und spezifische Situationen zu fördern. Diese Lebenskompetenzen können auch für andere Lebensbereiche nützlich sein. Der Cevi ist jedoch auch mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert und es gibt Faktoren, die das Erlernen von Lebenskompetenzen hindern können. Schlussfolgerung: Künftige Studien sollten Anknüpfungsmöglichkeiten an bestehende Strukturen des Cevi und weitere Massnahmen zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit und zur Unterstützung von Leitenden ergründen. Zudem sollten die Inhalte der Lebenskompetenzen geklärt und die partizipative Forschung gefördert werden. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zu unterstützen und einen Bezug zu weiteren Prinzipien der Gesundheitsförderung zu prüfen

Application of automated electrical resistance sensors for measurement of corrosion rate of copper, bronze and iron in model indoor atmospheres containing short-chain volatile carboxylic acids

The corrosion rate of copper and bronze Cu-8. wt.%Sn increased rapidly when the concentration of formic or acetic acid in air reached about 300. ppb at 80% relative humidity (RH) and a temperature of 20. °C. It decreased slowly during the several days after pollutant removal due to the slow rate of pollutant desorption from the metal surfaces. Corrosion of these metals was barely affected by the acids at RH up to 60%. For iron, the critical concentration of formic acid in air which led to surface activation at 80% RH was between 1000 and 1590. ppb.</p

Évaluation normalisée de l’environnement du patrimoine

La méthode de mesurage de la corrosion du cuivre décrite ici a été utilisée pour évaluer les conditions de conservation des collections patrimoniales : les résultats d’études réalisées dans des conditions de conservation ou d’exposition permanentes ou temporaires montrent que cette méthode est un outil efficace qui permet non seulement de comparer les bâtiments, les vitrines, les réserves mais aussi de les classer en fonction de leur corrosivité

Effective Remediation in Master’s-Level Counseling Students

Despite evidence that remediation is effective, little is known about counselor educators’ experience with remediation. In this consensual qualitative study, authors interviewed counselor educators (N=11) to better understand remedial practices and identify effective strategies. Findings have implications for the remediation of master’s-level students in counselor education