Resource-Adaptive Action Planning in a Dialogue System for Repair Support

. For reasonable application in critical domains dialogue systems not only have to pay attention to user knowledge and dialogue goals but they also have to adapt their dialogue behaviour to current limitations of the user's cognitive processing capabilities. In case of a help system the point of concern is on the one hand the aspect as to what kind of help is appropriate for the user P (What to do?). This action planning has to take into account P's resource limitations like time pressure and working memory load. On the other hand the system's utterances should also be adapted to P's language processing capabilities (What to say -- and how?). This work presents primarily approaches to adaptive action planning. Its interaction with dialogue planning is outlined. 1 Introduction 1.1 Issues In the field of human-computer-communication considerable progress has been made since the first approaches to user modelling in adapting system behaviour to individual user knowledge and current dial..

Spatial Information in Instructions and Questions to an Autonomous System

The task of supplying user-friendly access to an autonomous system using natural language is an interesting field of research which can be partitioned into access to autonomous robots and simulated agents. The perceptual information of such a system is to be related to language expressions in order to be able to talk about spatial configurations. The multiplicity of possible utterances is one of the main difficulties with natural language in general. In this paper, we concentrate on spatial expressions in different kinds of instructions and questions using anytime algorithms in order to consider resource limitations. 1 Introduction Autonomous systems are characterized by their sometimes unpredictable behavior. E.g., their error recovery feature can cause understanding problems for the user: he possibly does not know why the system acts in a certain way. Thus, intelligent systems should also have intelligent man-machine interfaces in order to improve cooperativeness [14]. Talking about..

Optimal Bids in Multi-Unit Auctions When Demand is Price Elastic

The present paper analyzes optimal bidding in discriminatory and competitive multi--unit auctions when bidders have price elastic demand functions. Distinctions are drawn between bidders who are either firms or consumers, and bidders who are either risk neutral or risk averse. Assuming price-- taking bidders who face a given probability distribution of the stop--out price, closed--form solutions of optimal bid functions are derived. In addition, the paper provides some comparative statics of risk. filename: mult-auc.tex 1 1 Introduction Multi--unit auctions are frequently observed in industrial procurement, in the implementation of monetary policies, and in financial markets. Every week, the U.S. Treasury auctions--off billions of dollars of bills, notes, and Treasury bonds. Governments and private corporations solicit bids for products ranging from office supplies to tires or construction jobs. Central banks auction securities repurchase agreements (REPOs) as an essential part of t..

Resource-Adaptive Action Planning in a Dialogue System for Repair Support

Abstract. For reasonable application in critical domains dialogue systems not only have to pay attention to user knowledge and dialogue goals but they also have to adapt their dialogue behaviour to current limitations of the user's cognitive processing capabilities. In case of a help system the point of concern is on the one hand the aspect as to what kind of help is appropriate for the user ¡ (What to do?). This action planning has to take into account ¡ 's resource limitations like time pressure and working memory load. On the other hand the system's utterances should also be adapted to ¡ 's language processing capabilities (What to say – and how?). This work presents primarily approaches to adaptive action planning. Its interaction with dialogue planning is outlined.

How to Juggle Discourse Obligations

In the context of dialog, one challenge for natural language generation is that of dealing with discourse obligations such as those created by questions, promises, and even silences. The present paper presents new methods for (a) representing discourse obligations, (b) determining which ones are created by a given dialog move, (c) determining how the status of an existing obligation is changed by a new move, and (d) taking existing and resulting obligations into account in the generation of new moves. The task of choosing a dialog move (which may consist of a signal for the user to produce the next utterance) is conceptualized in terms of the maximization of expected utility. This quantitative approach makes it possible to do justice to observations such as the following: (a) Discourse obligations lead to tradeoffs with the system's other dialog goals. (b) Obligations differ in terms of their importance and the time within which they are to be fulfilled. (c) The severity of the consequ..

Monopoly

This is the first chapter of a graduate text entitled Topics in Microeconomics. It covers the basics of monopoly theory. Most of the material is kept at an intermediate level to serve as a bridge between the intermediate level training and the graduate level focus of the book. However, some sections, identified with a *, are at an advanced level. The Chapter begins with the simple economics of Cournot monopoly, adding the quality dimension, the assessment of the welfare loss of monopoly in the face of rent seeking behavior, and the dynamics of pricing and inventory when demand is subject to unpredictable uctuations. Turning to price discrimination, the distinction between first-, second-, and third-degree price discrimination is introduced. The incomplete information theory of second-degree price discrimination is worked out, first for two and then for a continuum of customer types. Next, it is shown how the frequently observed intertemporal price discrimination gives rise to a time consistency problem ("durable goods monopoly"), and how the basic theory of third-degree price discriminatio

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Spatial information in instructions and questions to an autonomous system

The task of supplying user-friendly access to an autonomous system using natural language is an interesting field of research which can be partitioned into access o autonomous robots and simulated agents. The perceptual information of such a system is to be related to language expressions in order to be able to talk about spatial configurations. The multiplicity of possible utterances is one of the main difficulties with natural language in general. In this paper, we concentrate on spatial expressions in different kinds of instructions and questions using anytime algorithms in order to consider resource limitations. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 3552(63) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman