HAZOP JAKO METODA WSPOMAGAJĄCA ZARZĄDZANIE BEZPIECZEŃSTWEM PROCESOWYM W PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWIE

Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania roli metody HAZOP w zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem procesowym w przedsiębiorstwie. Metoda HAZOP jest analizą zagrożeń i zdolności operacyjnych wykorzystywanych do oceny ryzyka procesowego opisaną szczegółowo w normie IEC 61882 „Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP studies) – Application guide”, wydanej w 2001 r. Celem analizy HAZOP jest zidentyfikowanie wszystkich potencjalnych zagrożeń i strat, jakie mogą wystąpić w realizowanych działaniach. Ma to duże znaczenie w zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem procesowym szczególnie w branży chemicznej, petrochemicznej. gazowej i energetycznej

Water Manganese Exposure and Children’s Intellectual Function in Araihazar, Bangladesh

Exposure to manganese via inhalation has long been known to elicit neurotoxicity in adults, but little is known about possible consequences of exposure via drinking water. In this study, we report results of a cross-sectional investigation of intellectual function in 142 10-year-old children in Araihazar, Bangladesh, who had been consuming tube-well water with an average concentration of 793 μg Mn/L and 3 μg arsenic/L. Children and mothers came to our field clinic, where children received a medical examination in which weight, height, and head circumference were measured. Children’s intellectual function was assessed on tests drawn from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, version III, by summing weighted items across domains to create Verbal, Performance, and Full-Scale raw scores. Children provided urine specimens for measuring urinary As and creatinine and were asked to provide blood samples for measuring blood lead, As, Mn, and hemoglobin concentrations. After adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, water Mn was associated with reduced Full-Scale, Performance, and Verbal raw scores, in a dose–response fashion; the low level of As in water had no effect. In the United States, roughly 6% of domestic household wells have Mn concentrations that exceed 300 μg Mn/L, the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lifetime health advisory level. We conclude that in both Bangladesh and the United States, some children are at risk for Mn-induced neurotoxicity

Associations of Plasma Selenium with Arsenic and Genomic Methylation of Leukocyte DNA in Bangladesh

Background Global hypomethylation of DNA is thought to constitute an early event in some cancers and occurs in response to arsenic (As) exposure and/or selenium (Se) deficiency in both in vitro and animal models. In addition, antagonism between As and Se, whereby each reduces toxicity of the other, has been well documented in animal models. Se status may therefore modify the health effects of As in As-exposed populations. Objective The primary objectives of our study were to test the hypothesis that Se deficiency is associated with genomic hypomethylation of lymphocyte DNA and to determine whether Se levels are associated with blood As (bAs) and urinary As (uAs) concentrations in adults exposed to As-contaminated groundwater in Bangladesh. A secondary objective was to explore the relationships between plasma Se and As metabolites. Design We assessed plasma Se concentrations, As metabolite profiles in blood and urine, and genomic methylation of leukocyte DNA in a cross-sectional study of 287 adults. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed an inverse association between Se (micrograms per liter) and genomic DNA methylation (disintegrations per minute per 1-μg/L increase in Se): β = 345.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 59–632. Se concentrations were inversely associated with total As concentrations (micrograms per liter) in blood (β = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01) and urine (β = −20.1; 95% CI, −29.3 to −10.9). Se levels were negatively associated with the percentage of monomethylarsinic acid (β = −0.59; 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.13) and positively associated with the percentage of dimethylarsinic acid (β = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.04 to 1.01) in blood. Conclusions Our results suggest that Se is inversely associated with genomic DNA methylation. The underlying mechanisms and implications of this observation are unclear and warrant further investigation. In addition, Se may influence bAs and uAs concentrations, as well as relative proportions of As metabolites in blood

Arsenic Exposure and Motor Function among Children in Bangladesh

Background: Several reports indicate that drinking water arsenic (WAs) and manganese (WMn) are associated with children’s intellectual function. Very little is known, however, about possible associations with other neurologic outcomes such as motor function

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Deficiency Judgments as a Mortgage Pricing Factor

The subject of the deficiency judgments has been poorly examined due to a lack of relevant data and the complexity of the issue. Some comprehensive studies have explored whether allowing deficiency judgments decreases the likelihood of strategic defaults in the U. S. mortgage market. Little, however, has been done to determine whether there is any direct correlation between legal standing allowing recourse and loan pricing. Hence, additional work regarding this subject is needed