The impact of spatial implementation conditions on the success of investment in the residential house in the municipality of Prevalje

This thesis deals with the impact of spatial implementation conditions on the effectiveness of investing in building a residential house in the Municipality of Prevalje. It looks at data on advertised and sold residential houses, and vacant building lots. Basic statistics are calculated. The costs of building a new residential house are compared with the estimated market value of the appraised residential house in order to establish the rationality of investing in building. To discuss the influence spatial implementation conditions have on the effectiveness of investing, we examined how different ratios between the lay-out of the building and the area of the building plot, and different factors of the use of land affect the costs of building a residential house. We have established that spatial implementation conditions have very little influence on the effectiveness of investing in building a residential house. In the Municipality of Prevalje, such investments would not be rational, seeing that the estimated market value of a residential house is much lower than the estimated costs of building a new residential house

LA APICULTURA EN CAMPECHE: IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y RETOS PARA INCREMENTAR SU PRODUCCIÓN

La apicultura es una de las principales actividades que se realizan en el sector agropecuario en México, debido a su producción de miel de alta calidad la cual es apreciada en diversos países de la Comunidad Europea. La apicultura es practicada por más de 40,000 productores, los cuales cuentan con alrededor de dos millones de colmenas en apiarios distribuidos en cinco regiones apícolas a nivel nacional (Norte, Centro y Altiplano, Pacífico, Golfo y Península de Yucatán). La península de Yucatán (conformada por los estados Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán) es considerada como la región más importante de producción de miel ya que destina aproximadamente el 95 % al mercado internacional. Sin embargo, a pesar que la región concentra entre el 30 y 35 % del total de colonias a nivel nacional, la actividad apícola es considerada como una actividad secundaria. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la actividad apícola en Campeche, se realizó una encuesta a 120 productores entre julio a diciembre 2016. La edad promedio fue 57 años, con un promedio de 2.27 apiarios por productor y 20.6 colmenas por apiario. Los apicultores le dedican dos días a la semana a la actividad apícola y realizan en promedio 3.67 cosechas al año, coincidiendo con los estudios previos de que se trata de una actividad secundaria. Por tal motivo es importante un relevo generacional entre los apicultores y fomentar jóvenes productores con una visión empresarial dispuestos a incrementar la productividad de la miel mediante la implementación de innovaciones

Inflammation, Active Fibroplasia, and End-stage Fibrosis in 172 Biliary Atresia Remnants Correlate Poorly With Age at Kasai Portoenterostomy, Visceral Heterotaxy, and Outcome

Published histologic studies of the hilar plate or entire biliary remnant at the time of Kasai portoenterostomy (KHPE) have not provided deep insight into the pathogenesis of biliary atresia, relation to age at surgery, prognosis or the basis for successful drainage. We report detailed histologic findings in 172 centrally reviewed biliary remnants with an average of 6 sections per subject. Active lesions were classified as either necroinflammatory (rare/clustered in a few subjects) or active concentric fibroplasia with or without inflammation (common). Inactive lesions showed bland replacement by collagen and fibrous cords with little or no inflammation. Heterogeneity was common within a given remnant; however, relatively homogenous histologic patterns, defined as 3 or more inactive or active levels in the hepatic ducts levels, characterized most remnants. Homogeneity did not correlate with age at KHPE, presence/absence of congenital anomalies at laparotomy indicative of heterotaxy and outcome. Remnants from youngest subjects were more likely than older subjects to be homogenously inactive suggesting significantly earlier onset in the youngest subset. Conversely remnants from the oldest subjects were often homogenously active suggesting later onset or slower progression. More data are needed in remnants from subjects <30 days old at KHPE and in those with visceral anomalies. Prevalence of partially preserved epithelium in active fibroplastic biliary atresia lesions at all ages suggests that epithelial regression or injury may not be a primary event or that reepithelialization is already underway at the time of KHPE. We hypothesize that outcome after KHPE results from competition between active fibroplasia and reepithelialization of retained, collapsed but not obliterated lumens. The driver of active fibroplasia is unknown

Lock-In and Unobserved Preferences in Server Operating System Adoption: A Case of Linux vs. Windows

This paper attempts to distinguish state dependence (or lock-in) from unobserved preferences in the decision to adopt Linux or Windows as the operating system for computer servers. To this end, we use detailed survey data of over 100,000 establishments in the United States. Without accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in establishment-specific preferences for operating systems, we find a strong positive correlation between the current choice and the previous choice, suggesting potentially high switching costs and lock-in. To account for unobserved preferences for either operating system, we impose weak identifying assumptions and employ recently developed dynamic discrete choice panel data methods (Arellano and Carrasco 2003). The results show little or no evidence of state dependence, implying that unobserved preferences, rather than switching costs and lock-in, are more important factors in the adoption decision. Once taste heterogeneity is taken into account, we additionally find little evidence of network effects between server operating systems and non-server operating systems

Network Effects, Switching Costs, and Underlying Preferences in Operating Systems for Servers: A Case of Linux vs. Windows

We seek to investigate to what extent network effects and switching costs affect the decision to adopt Linux or Windows as the operating system for computer servers. To this end, we use detailed survey data of over 100,000 establishments in the United States. To account for unobserved preferences for either operating system, we employ recently developed dynamic discrete choice panel data methods (Arellano and Carrasco 2003). The results from our empirical analysis suggest that among network effects, switching costs, and unobserved preferences, the last two are important factors in the market for operating systems for servers. We find that switching costs are significant, but can be severely overestimated by methods that do not account for unobserved heterogeneity in establishment-specific tastes for operating systems. We also find that once taste heterogeneity is taken into account, network effects are not significant

Polarization Maintaining, Very-Large-Mode Area, Er Fiber Amplifier for High Energy Pulses at 1572.3 nm

We demonstrate the first polarization maintaining, very-large-mode-area Er-doped fiber amplifier with ~1000 square micron effective area. The amplifier is core pumped by a Raman fiber laser and is used to generate single frequency one microsecond pulses with pulse energy of 368 microJoules, M2 of 1.1, and polarization extinction greater than 20 dB. The amplifier operates at 1572.3 nm, a wavelength useful for trace atmospheric CO2 detection

Artificial neural network model of the relationship between Betula pollen and meteorological factors in Szczecin (Poland)

Birch pollen is one of the main causes of allergy during spring and early summer in northern and central Europe. The aim of this study was to create a forecast model that can accurately predict daily average concentrations of Betula sp. pollen grains in the atmosphere of Szczecin, Poland. In order to achieve this, a novel data analysis technique—artificial neural networks (ANN)—was used. Sampling was carried out using a volumetric spore trap of the Hirst design in Szczecin during 2003–2009. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that humidity had a strong negative correlation with Betula pollen concentrations. Significant positive correlations were observed for maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation. The ANN resulted in multilayer perceptrons 366 8: 2928-7-1:1, time series prediction was of quite high accuracy (SD Ratio between 0.3 and 0.5, R > 0.85). Direct comparison of the observed and calculated values confirmed good performance of the model and its ability to recreate most of the variation