RUMINAL CONDITION BETWEEN MADURA CATTLE AND ONGOLE CROSSBRED CATTLE RAISED UNDER INTENSIVE FEEDING

Each four young bulls of Madura cattle and Ongole Crossbred (OC) cattle were used to study the efficiency of ruminal fermentation by comparing the proportion of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) of these two breeds which were raised under intensive feeding. All the cattle were in about 1.5 years-old with an average body weight of 147.75 ± 14.57 kg and 167 ± 22.57 kg, for Madura and OC cattle, respectively. They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay, and concentrate feeding consists of pollard, soybean meal and rice bran for 10 weeks. Parameters measured were concentration of VFA at 0, 3 and 6 h post-feeding and pH. The concentration of VFA in both Madura and OC cattle was peaked at 3 h post-feeding, being 136.1 mmol and 158.9 mmol, respectively, and then were decreased at 6 h post-feeding at a level of 58.1 and 98.2 mmol, respectively. The proportion of acetic acid in Madura and OC cattle were 53.33% and 52.0% of total VFA, respectively, while the proportion of propionic acid and butyric acid were 28.80% and 17.87% for Madura cattle, and 30.71% and 17.28% for OC cattle, respectively. In addition, the Acetic/Propionic ratios were 1.85 and 1.69 for Madura and OC cattle, respectively. Rumen pH conditions of both cattle breeds tended to be basic, i.e. Madura cattle was ranged at 8.0-8.4, while the PO cattle was ranged at 7.6-8.4. In conclusion, both cattle breeds (Madura and OC cattle) have a similar efficiency to utilize the feeds in the rumen

EFFECTS OF DRYING AND ENSILING METHODS ON CYANIDES CONTENTS AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF CASSAVA ROOTS AND STEMS

The objectives of this experiment was to compare the drying and ensiling methods to reduce cyanides contents in cassava, as well as related nutrient components. This experiment used roots and stems of cas-sava, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) and molasses. A completely randomized design was used in this experiment for 8 treatments. The treatments were 30 o C incubator, 50 o C incubator, 70 o C oven drying, freeze drying, 2 d incubator 30 o C ensiling, 2 d incubator 50 o C ensiling, 2 w incubator 30 o C ensiling and 2 w incubator 50 o C ensiling. The contents of HCN, acetone cyanohydrin, linamarin, proximate components and in vitro dry matter digestibility were determined in each treatment. The result of this experi-ment showed that the contents of HCN and linamarin in ensiled cassava roots were lower (p<0.01) than in dried cassava roots. There were no significantly different on residual HCN among treatments in cassava stems. The content of linamarin was higher in freeze drying than that in heat drying methods (p<0.05). There was an opposite pattern of acetone cyanohydrins and linamarin content of roots and stems. The content of dry matter (DM) in 30 o C ensiling was lower than in 50 o C ensiling (p<0.05). The content of ash increased in cassava roots silage (p<0.01), meanwhile the decreasing of ether extract content was occured in cassava stem silage (p<0.01). Ensiling method was more effective to reduce cyanide than the drying method, and cassava silage showed a proper qualification as feed. Keywords: Drying, Ensiling, Cyanides, Cassav

Perbandingan Persentase Kulit antara Kambing Kejobong, Kambing Peranakan Ettawah dan Kambing Kacang Jantan Umur Satu Tahun

This study aimed to identify and compare of hide percentage of Kejobong, Ettawah grade (PE) and Kacang goats. The research is based on the design of relief F test using the SAS system by using four replications. The results showed that percentage of the hide in PE goats was the highest while Kacang goats was the lowest. There was no difference in the percentage of hide between Kejobong goats PE and Kacang goats

Eating Behaviour of Sheep Fed at Day And/or Night Period

The aim of this research was to determine the eating behavior of sheep which fed at day and/or night period. Twelve ram average body weight 20.65 + 1.89 kg, CV = 9.15%, and age ranged from 12 to 18 months were used in this study. Rams were daily fed pelleted diet at 5% of body weight (BW) in 100% dry matter base. Animals were assigned to Completely Randomized Design and divided into three groups for different feeding time treatments. The treatments were day feeding time (feeding allowed from 0600 to 1800; T0618), night feeding (from 1800 to 0600; T1806) and whole-day feeding (24 h; T0606), respectively. Parameters observed in this study were duration of eating, rumination, rest, standing and laying activity (minute/day), dry matter intake (DMI, g/day) and eating speed (g/minute). Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA with F-test and if significantly was found were then analyzed with Duncan test. The results showed that eating duration (89.71 min/day) and DMI (1034.53 g/day) on T1806 were significantly lower (P<0.05) than T0618 (117.78 min/day; 1208.75 g/day) and T0606 (127.5 min/day; 1281.63 g/day) but, the other observation of ruminating, rest, standing and laying duration and eating speed were found not significantly different in the all treatments. It can be concluded that feeding at night period can reduce eating time significantly compared to feeding during the day period or 24 hours a day, although it results in decreasing feed consumption

Status Mineral Ca dan P Kambing Lokal pada Daerah Dataran Tinggi dan Rendah di Kabupaten Kendal

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status mineral Ca dan P kambing lokal di daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah di wilayah Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah dengan mengamati kandungan Ca dan P pada tanah, air, pakan dan serum darah kambing lokal. Sampel tanah, air, dan pakan diperoleh dari sekitar tempat pemeliharaan kambing di daerah dataran tinggi yaitu di Kecamatan Sukorejo dengan ketinggian + 1000 m dpl dan dataran rendah di Kecamatan Patebon dengan ketinggian + 4 m dpl. Sampel darah berasal dari 30 ekor kambing (umur + 1 tahun) masing-masing 15 ekor di dataran tinggi dan 15 ekor di dataran rendah dengan rataan bobot badan sebesar 29,10 + 4,24 kg. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan cara mengamati dan melakukan wawancara dengan peternak kambing di daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah Kabupaten Kendal. Kadar mineral Ca dan P dianalisis dengan menggunakan alat atomic absorbance spectrophotometer (AAS). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji-t. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Ca dan P tanah, air, tanaman pakan, dan serum kambing di dataran tinggi berbeda nyata (P&lt;0,05) dengan dataran rendah. Status mineral Ca kambing lokal di dataran tinggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan status mineral Ca kambing lokal di dataran rendah, sedangkan status mineral P kambing lokal di dataran tinggi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan status mineral P kambing lokal di dataran rendah

Status Mineral Fe Dan Mn Pada Kambing Di Dataran Rendah Dan Dataran Tinggi Kabupaten Kendal (Fe and Mn Status of the Goats in the Upland and Lowland Areas of Kendal Regency)

The aim of this research was to study the mineral Fe and Mn status of the goats in the upland and lowland areas of Kendal Regency, by observing the Fe and Mn contents in soil, water, feed, and goats blood serum. Samples of soil, water, and feeds were taken in the upland area in District of Sukorejo (+ 1000 m above sea level) and lowland area in District of Patebon (+ 4 m above sea level). Samples of blood serum were taken from 30 goats (+ 1 year old) namely 15 goats in the upland and 15 goats in the lowland area. Mineral Fe and Mn concentrations of samples were analysed using atomic absorbance spectrophotometer (AAS). The data were analysed using t-test. The result of this research showed that there were no difference between Fe and Mn concentration of goat serum in the upland and lowland area. Mineral Fe status of the goats in upland area and lowland area were deficient. Mn status in both area was enough for daily needs of goa

Total Bakteri Anaerob, Produksi Gas dan Laju Produksi Gas Bio-digester dengan Penambahan Sekam Padi pada Bahan Baku Feses Sapi Potong

This study aims to determine the total production of biogas, anaerobic bacterial counts, and the rate of biogas production with the addition of rice husk in cattle fecal material. The research was carried out on October 9, 2010 through June 14, 2011 in Dairy Cattle Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Research materials in the form of fresh feces of cattle by 200 males Java g biogas as the main ingredient, rice husks as much as 8.46 g of additional material, and as much water as a diluent 385.09 g stuffing materials digester. The equipment used is a set of tools digester, pH meter, thermometer, electric scales, aluminum foil, buckets, stirrers, measuring cups and shots. Experiments using completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment is T0 (control) with stuffing materials 100% feces and T1 (treatment) with stuffing materials feces and rice hulls. Observed variables include the total gas, total anaerobic bacteria, and the rate of gas production. The data were tested by t test. The results showed that the addition of rice husk in biogas stuffing materials not significant (P&gt; 0.05) on the production of gas and the gas production rate, whereas total anaerobic bacteria showed that there were significant effects (P &lt;0.05). The average biogas production is 206.875 ml for 28 days at T0 and T1 243.75 ml. Total anaerobic bacteria in T0 (control) 0.75 × 107 cfu / g lower (P &lt;0.05) than T1 (treatment) 3.24 × 107 cfu / g. Rice husks can not be used as an additive in the feces of beef cattle to produce biogas