Thermodynamic properties and shear viscosity over entropy density ratio of nuclear fireball in a quantum-molecular dynamics model

Thermodynamic and transport properties of nuclear fireball created in the central region of heavy-ion collisions below 400 MeV/nucleon are investigated within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamic (IQMD) model. These properties including the density, temperature, chemical potential, entropy density ($s$) and shear viscosity ($\eta$), are calculated by a generalized hot Thomas Fermi formulism and a parameterized function, which was developed by Danielewicz. As the collision goes on, a transient minimal $\eta/s=5/4\pi-10/4\pi$ occurs in the largest compression stage. Besides, the relationship of $\eta/s$ to temperature ($T$) in the freeze-out stage displays a local minimum which is about 9-20 times $1/4\pi$ around $T$ = 8-12 MeV, which can be argued as indicative of a liquid gas phase transition. In addition, the influences of nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross section ($\sigma_{NN}$) and symmetry energy coefficient ($C_{s}$) are also discussed, and it is found that the results are sensitive to $\sigma_{NN}$ but not to $C_{s}$.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures; Phys. Rev. C (in press) (x-axis of Fig.1 is corrected

Statistical Analysis of Filament Features Based on the H{\alpha} Solar Images from 1988 to 2013 by Computer Automated Detection Method

We improve our filament automated detection method which was proposed in our previous works. It is then applied to process the full disk H$\alpha$ data mainly obtained by Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) from 1988 to 2013, spanning nearly 3 solar cycles. The butterfly diagrams of the filaments, showing the information of the filament area, spine length, tilt angle, and the barb number, are obtained. The variations of these features with the calendar year and the latitude band are analyzed. The drift velocities of the filaments in different latitude bands are calculated and studied. We also investigate the north-south (N-S) asymmetries of the filament numbers in total and in each subclass classified according to the filament area, spine length, and tilt angle. The latitudinal distribution of the filament number is found to be bimodal. About 80% of all the filaments have tilt angles within [0{\deg}, 60{\deg}]. For the filaments within latitudes lower (higher) than 50{\deg} the northeast (northwest) direction is dominant in the northern hemisphere and the southeast (southwest) direction is dominant in the southern hemisphere. The latitudinal migrations of the filaments experience three stages with declining drift velocities in each of solar cycles 22 and 23, and it seems that the drift velocity is faster in shorter solar cycles. Most filaments in latitudes lower (higher) than 50{\deg} migrate toward the equator (polar region). The N-S asymmetry indices indicate that the southern hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in solar cycle 22 and the northern hemisphere is the dominant one in solar cycle 23.Comment: 51 pages, 12 tables, 25 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Pygmy and Giant Dipole Resonances by Coulomb Excitation using a Quantum Molecular Dynamics model

Pygmy and Giant Dipole Resonance (PDR and GDR) in Ni isotopes have been investigated by Coulomb excitation in the framework of the Isospin-dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (IQMD). The spectra of $\gamma$ rays are calculated and the peak energy, the strength and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of GDR and PDR have been extracted. Their sensitivities to nuclear equation of state, especially to its symmetry energy term are also explored. By a comparison with the other mean-field calculations, we obtain the reasonable values for symmetry energy and its slope parameter at saturation, which gives an important constrain for IQMD model. In addition, we also studied the neutron excess dependence of GDR and PDR parameters for Ni isotopes and found that the energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR) $PDR_{m_1}/GDR_{m_1}$ increases linearly with the neutron excess.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figure

Can We Determine the Filament Chirality by the Filament Footpoint Location or the Barb-bearing?

We attempt to propose a method for automatically detecting the solar filament chirality and barb bearing. We first introduce the unweighted undirected graph concept and adopt the Dijkstra shortest-path algorithm to recognize the filament spine. Then, we use the polarity inversion line (PIL) shift method for measuring the polarities on both sides of the filament, and employ the connected components labeling method to identify the barbs and calculate the angle between each barb and the spine to determine the bearing of the barbs, i.e., left or right. We test the automatic detection method with H-alpha filtergrams from the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) H-alpha archive and magnetograms observed with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Four filaments are automatically detected and illustrated to show the results. The barbs in different parts of a filament may have opposite bearings. The filaments in the southern hemisphere (northern hemisphere) mainly have left-bearing (right-bearing) barbs and positive (negative) magnetic helicity, respectively. The tested results demonstrate that our method is efficient and effective in detecting the bearing of filament barbs. It is demonstrated that the conventionally believed one-to-one correspondence between filament chirality and barb bearing is not valid. The correct detection of the filament axis chirality should be done by combining both imaging morphology and magnetic field observations.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in RA