Substance misusing parents and social work engagement

The aim of this study is to identify the factors that will aid substance misusing parents to utilise social services more effectively. Using a literature review done systematically, this study argues that practitioner attitudes, support for practitioners, parental attitudes, comorbid/co-existing factors, resource and multi-disciplinary working prevents substance misusing parents (SMPs) from engaging with social workers (SWs). Practitioner attitudes as well as parental attitudes played a crucial part with effective engagement in social work practice with substance misusing parents and their families. Limited resources in the form of inconsistency in care and the lack of seamless interventions for parents affected by substance misuse were additional barriers to engagement when working with substance misusing families. For effective engagement with parents and families affected by substance misuse, effective training must be available for social workers (...

Emotions, Somatization and Psychiatric Symptoms among the Akan

no abstrac

Globalization of an African Language: Truth or Fiction?

In the quest to do away with every influence of colonialism including language imperialism, following the independence of several African countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, debates arose about the possibility of the adoption of Swahili as a common language for Africa since it was the most widely-spoken African language at the time. However, even though this discourse continued for some time, it did not go beyond this stage. In contemporary times, discourse on the Swahili language has emerged again, but this time it centres on the question of globalization of the Swahili language. This recent development therefore is the motivation for this paper. We seek to bring to light paradoxes that emanate from the debate and quest for the globalization of the Swahili language against the background of challenges that face the language at the national, regional and continental levels and to make submissions as to whether the quest for the globalization of the Swahili language is not just an illusion

English loans in Swahili newspaper football language

It has been inferred that to some extent some football terminologies tend to be cross-linguistic, stemming from the fact that many languages borrow football vocabulary from English. Thus within the field of football, the influence of English is significant. Football in Tanzania dates back to the 1920s and is becoming more and more prominent among other sports in Tanzania. Swahili football language is influenced by English in diverse ways. This paper seeks to investigate the strategies for expansion of Swahili vocabulary for the expression of football language in Tanzania by use of a corpus extracted from Swahili newspapers dated between 2006 and 2008. The data is representative of terms for player positions, football functionaries, and miscellaneous standard football related expressions and terminologies. The discussion focuses on the borrowing processes, the grammatical categories of loans items and loan types and how they fit into various linguistic phenomena of borrowing as spelt out in Winford (2003). The paper also addresses the question of standardization of borrowed football registers. Keywords: football_language, loans, borrowing, Swahil

Object marking in affective constructions in Swahili

This paper seeks to examine the conditions that govern the occurrence or non- occurrence of the object marker in affective constructions (i.e., constructions involving Possessor Raising such as Alimshika mkono Ali ‘He held him (by the) hand Ali’ and Mwili ulimtetemeka ‘(her) body trembled (her)’) in Swahili. From data drawn from a corpus of affective constructions, this study demonstrates that the conditions for animate object marking in affective constructions differ from those for object marking elsewhere in Swahili syntax and may violate some rules such as ‘object selection prohibition rules’ in Mukama (1976)

Synthesis and Characterization of 2,2-cis-[Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4]•NCC6H4R where R = H, 2-CH3, 3-CH3, 4-CH3 and [Rh2(O2CCH3)(NPhCOCF3)3]

Five novel compounds were synthesized and characterized. Crystal structures were determined using Rigaku Mercury 375/MCCD(XtaLAB mini) diffractometer with graphite monochromated MoKα radiation. The crystal structures of [Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4•xNCC6H4R where x = 1 or 2 and R=H, 2-CH3,3-CH3 and 4-CH3 were solved to an R1 value of less than 5 (R1= Σ||Fo| - |Fc|| / Σ |Fo|). In each of the nitrile complexes, the rhodium is five or six coordinate and possesses pseudo D4h symmetry. The complexes were also characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. [Rh2(CO2CCH3)(PhCOCF3)3] was also synthesized. In this complex, each rhodium atom is six coordinate, thus each rhodium is in an octahedral environment. Details of each synthesized complex are discussed

Language Policy, Language Choice and Language Use in the Tanzanian Parliament

The paper examines the pros and cons of the checkered nature of language use in the Tanzanian Parliament. It focuses on language policy, language choice and the practicality of language use in parliamentary discourse. Right from the eve of independence, the medium of communication in the Tanzanian parliament has been Swahili although the option is between Swahili and English; Swahili has been and still is the preferred choice among parliamentarians. Nevertheless, we observe that language contact phenomena such as various forms of alternation between Swahili and English occur quite regularly in parliamentary debates and submissions. The paradox however is that various forms of documentation in parliament are drafted in English. From data extracted from a corpus drawn from issues of the Tanzanian parliamentary Hansard, the paper attempts an analysis of particular choices, the advantages and disadvantages of such choices and their impact on the Swahili language

IMPACT OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES’ ACCESS TO FINANCE IN GHANA

立命館アジア太平洋大学博士(アジア太平洋学)doctoral thesi

Drug delivery systems: exploring rheological properties and therapeutic effect of 5-FU chitosan gel for topical wound healing

Diabetic skin wound is a common complication of diabetes that occurs in about 15% of diabetic patients and often requires prolonged hospitalization for its management and treatment. Natural polymers are used for wound dressing due to their biological adhesiveness, non-toxicity, and biodegradable nature. 5-Fluorouracil (FU) has been shown to alter adipokine expression which is implicated in cutaneous wound repair. Thus, our overall objective was to investigate the utility of chitosan (CS) gel for topical delivery of 5-FU to treat diabetic wounds. We prepared chitosan gel (2% w/w) in serial dilutions of 5-FU (25μg/mL, 2.5μg/mL, 0.25μg/mL, and 0.025μg/mL) and evaluated their stability, antimicrobial activity, and rheological properties. Human dermal fibroblast cells were exposed to each gel formulation under high glucose conditions. MTT, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cell migration assays were used to determine cell viability, gene expression, and migration, respectively. We showed that 2% CS gel is stable at both refrigeration (4-8o C) and room temperatures (20-25o C), and exhibits non-Newtonian flow property, shear thinning behavior and weak viscoelasticity. At low concentrations (0.025μg/mL), there is antimicrobial activity of 5-FU against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (RN1), and at high concentration (8.0μg/mL) against Escherichia coli. We also found that exposure to CS and 5-FU-CS gel at different concentrations decreases adipokine gene expression for resistin and PPARγ and improved cell migration. Our studies suggest CS can be formulated into a hydrogel for topical delivery, 5-FU-CS gel is potent against pathogenic bacteria found in diabetic wounds and has therapeutic effect on adipokine gene expression. The findings in this study offer a novel therapeutic delivery system for 5-FU for diabetic wound healing