Prácticas de enseñanza mediadas por TIC, para la comprensión lectora y comprensión de los sistemas geométricos

El siguiente proyecto pretende evidenciar las transformaciones que se dan en las prácticas docentes cuando utilizan las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del lenguaje escrito y los sistemas geométricos, de los grados primero, segundo y tercero de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Pereira. La propuesta se estructuró a partir del proyecto “Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) como herramienta para la transformación de las prácticas de enseñanza, la comprensión lectora y el pensamiento espacial de profesores y estudiantes de primer a tercer grado de básica primaria de la ciudad de Pereira Y Dosquebradas”. Código 511-3-123-14. Los insumos tanto metodológicos como teóricos hacen parte de una construcción colectiva, liderada por el grupo de investigación conformado por profesores de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, expertos en la didáctica del lenguaje, las matemáticas, informática educativa y profesionales en el diseño de cursos virtuales, las estudiantes de Pedagogía Infantil que conforman el grupo de investigación y las instituciones participantes que a su vez están compuestas por coordinadores académicos, docentes de las áreas mencionadas y estudiantes

Modelo de gestión del conocimiento para el Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano – ITM

informe final de investigación de tesis de maestría en la que se propone un modelo de gestión del conocimiento para institución universitaria Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín- Colombia. A partir de la revisión del estado del arte y de la fundamentación en un marco conceptual, se identifican las dimensiones cualitativas y cuantitativas a investigar, se hace un análisis comparativo de diversos modelos identificando sus fortalezas. La parte final presenta el modelo construido a la luz de la investigación realizada, las conclusiones y recomendaciones originadas en el trabajo investigativo

Efeito de um Programa de Hatha Yoga em Pacientes com Alzheimer

En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de un programa de hatha yoga en 20 hombres y 41 mujeres con promedio de edad de 76.9 años (DE = 11.7), con diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) que presentaban deterioro cognitivo global leve (36 %) y moderado (64 %). El diseño fue cuasi experimental de medidas repetidas (pre, post y seguimiento). Se utilizó la escala de Calidad de Vida para pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer (ADRQL), el cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (CV), la escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage, el Minimental State Examination (MMSE), dos subpruebas de la escala de inteligencia para adultos del WAIS-III (retención de dígitos y claves), la prueba de trazado Trail Making Test (TMT-A), la prueba de Lawton y Brody, y la escala de Barthel (actividades básicas y funcionales). El programa contó con 32 sesiones de hatha yoga de una hora, realizadas dos veces por semana. El análisis de datos se hizo con 35 pacientes que permanecieron hasta la fase de seguimiento. Como resultados se obtuvo que entre pre-tratamiento y pos-tratamiento las variables mostraron una tasa incremental de mejoramiento en calidad de vida y atención; pero dichas mejorías no se mantuvieron seis meses más tarde; el ANOVA de medidas repetidas no mostró cambios significativos en ninguna variable; y el análisis cualitativo de ocho grupos focales con pacientes y cuidadores dio cuenta de la percepción cambios positivos en los pacientes con respecto a su estado de ánimo, atención, memoria episódica y procedimental. Se necesitan más estudios con mayor número de pacientes y sesiones de yoga por semana, además de un grupo control, para mejorar la validez de los resultados.This study assessed the effect of a Hatha yoga program in 20 men and 41 women diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), who showed mild (36%) and moderate (64 %) global cognitive decline and whose average age was 76,9 years old (SD=11,7). The design was quasi-experimental of repeated measures (pre, post and follow-up). The instruments applied were: Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life Scale (ADRQL); Questionnaire of Quality of Life (QQL), Geriatric Depression Scale (YESAVAGE); Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); memory and processing speed sub-scales of WAIS III test, Trail Making Test (TMT-A); Lawton and Brody Test; and Barthel Test. The yoga program consisted of 32 one hour sessions twice a week Data analysis was conducted using 35 patients who participated throughout the whole study. The post-treatment mean showed a positive improvement tendency in quality of life and attention. However, during the follow-up, these variables mean value was equal to, or even lower, than the one established in the pre-treatment. The repeated measures ANOVA results showed that no significant change occurred between measurements. The content analysis of eight focus groups suggests that, from the perspective of patients and caregivers, positive changes were observed in patients' mood, attention, episodic and procedural memory, and functionality. More studies are necessary with a higher number of patients and sessions per week, as well as a control group, whose function would be to increase validity of the results obtained.Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito de um programa de hatha yoga em 20 homens e 41 mulheres com idade média de 76.9 anos (DE = 11.7), com diagnóstico de Doença de Alzheimer (DA) que apresentavam deterioração cognitiva global leve (36 %) e moderada (64 %). O desenho foi quase-experimental de medidas repetitivas (pré, pós e seguimento). Utilizaram-se a escala de qualidade de vida para pacientes com Alzheimer (ADRQL, em inglês), o questionário de qualidade de vida (QV), a escala de depressão geriátrica de Yesavage, o Minimental State Examination (MMSE), dois subtestes da escala de inteligência para adultos do WAIS-III (retenção de dígitos e códigos), o Trail Making Test (TMT-A), o teste de Lawton e Brody, e a escala de Barthel (atividades básicas e funcionais). O programa contou com 32 sessões de hatha yoga de uma hora, realizadas duas vezes por semana. A análise de dados foi feita com 35 pacientes que permaneceram até a fase de seguimento. Como resultados, obteve-se que, entre pré-tratamento e pós-tratamento, as variáveis mostraram uma taxa incremental de melhoramento em QV e atenção; contudo, essas melhorias não se mantiveram seis meses depois; o ANOVA de medidas repetidas não mostrou mudanças significativas em nenhuma variável; a análise qualitativa de oito grupos focais com pacientes e cuidadores indicou que estes perceberam mudanças positivas nos pacientes com relação ao seu estado de humor, atenção, memória episódica e procedimental. São necessários mais estudos com maior número de pacientes e sessões de yoga por semana, além de um grupo de controle para melhorar a validade dos resultados

Differential prefrontal-like deficit in children after cerebellar astrocytoma and medulloblastoma tumor

Journal Article;BACKGROUND This study was realized thanks to the collaboration of children and adolescents who had been resected from cerebellar tumors. The medulloblastoma group (CE+, n = 7) in addition to surgery received radiation and chemotherapy. The astrocytoma group (CE, n = 13) did not receive additional treatments. Each clinical group was compared in their executive functioning with a paired control group (n = 12). The performances of the clinical groups with respect to controls were compared considering the tumor's localization (vermis or hemisphere) and the affectation (or not) of the dentate nucleus. Executive variables were correlated with the age at surgery, the time between surgery-evaluation and the resected volume. METHODS The executive functioning was assessed by means of WCST, Complex Rey Figure, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (letter and animal categories), Digits span (WISC-R verbal scale) and Stroop test. These tests are very sensitive to dorsolateral PFC and/or to medial frontal cortex functions. The scores for the non-verbal Raven IQ were also obtained. Direct scores were corrected by age and transformed in standard scores using normative data. The neuropsychological evaluation was made at 3.25 (SD = 2.74) years from surgery in CE group and at 6.47 (SD = 2.77) in CE+ group. RESULTS The Medulloblastoma group showed severe executive deficit (</= 1.5 SD below normal mean) in all assessed tests, the most severe occurring in vermal patients. The Astrocytoma group also showed executive deficits in digits span, semantic fluency (animal category) and moderate to slight deficit in Stroop (word and colour) tests. In the astrocytoma group, the tumor's localization and dentate affectation showed different profile and level of impairment: moderate to slight for vermal and hemispheric patients respectively. The resected volume, age at surgery and the time between surgery-evaluation correlated with some neuropsychological executive variables. CONCLUSION Results suggest a differential prefrontal-like deficit due to cerebellar lesions and/or cerebellar-frontal diaschisis, as indicate the results in astrocytoma group (without treatments), that also can be generated and/or increased by treatments in the medulloblastoma group. The need for differential rehabilitation strategies for specific clinical groups is remarked. The results are also discussed in the context of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome.This work was possible thanks to financial support from the MEC (DGICYT).Ye

Declarative and procedural learning in children and adolescents with posterior fossa tumours

BACKGROUND: This quasi-experimental study was designed to assess two important learning types – procedural and declarative – in children and adolescents affected by posterior fossa tumours (astrocytoma vs. medulloblastoma), given that memory has an important impact on the child's academic achievement and personal development. METHODS: We had three groups: two clinical (eighteen subjects) and one control (twelve subjects). The learning types in these groups were assessed by two experimental tasks evaluating procedural-implicit and declarative memory. A Serial Reaction-Time Task was used to measure procedural sequence learning, and the Spanish version [1] of the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version- CVLT- [2] to measure declarative-explicit learning. The learning capacity was assessed considering only the blocks that represent learning, and were compared with MANOVA in clinical and normal subjects. The Raven, simple reaction-time, finger-tapping test, and grooved pegboard tests were used to assess the overall functioning of subjects. The results were compared with those from a control group of the same age, and with Spanish norm-referenced tools where available RESULTS: The results indicate the absence of procedural-implicit learning in both clinical groups, whereas declarative-explicit learning is maintained in both groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical groups showed a conservation of declarative learning and a clear impairment of procedural learning. The results support the role of the cerebellum in the early phase of procedural learning

Identification of new sources of resistance to RHBV- rice hoja blanca virus

With the aim to find new sources of resistance to rice hoja blanca (white leaf) disease, transmitted by the insect Tagosodes orizicolus, 660 genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Seven resistant genotypes were identified, and genomic studies were performed to demonstrate that the resistance in these sources is genetically different from that of Fedearroz 2000, which is currently the variety with the most resistance to hoja blanca. These new resistance sources constitute a resource that can be used to sustainably extend hoja blanca disease management throughout all of the rice-growing regions of tropical America. This is the first report of hoja blanca resistance in indica rice and different from that of Fedearroz 2000

Global parameter search reveals design principles of the mammalian circadian clock

Background: Virtually all living organisms have evolved a circadian (~24 hour) clock that controls physiological and behavioural processes with exquisite precision throughout the day/night cycle. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which generates these ~24 h rhythms in mammals, consists of several thousand neurons. Each neuron contains a gene-regulatory network generating molecular oscillations, and the individual neuron oscillations are synchronised by intercellular coupling, presumably via neurotransmitters. Although this basic mechanism is currently accepted and has been recapitulated in mathematical models, several fundamental questions about the design principles of the SCN remain little understood. For example, a remarkable property of the SCN is that the phase of the SCN rhythm resets rapidly after a 'jet lag' type experiment, i.e. when the light/ dark (LD) cycle is abruptly advanced or delayed by several hours. Results: Here, we describe an extensive parameter optimization of a previously constructed simplified model of the SCN in order to further understand its design principles. By examining the top 50 solutions from the parameter optimization, we show that the neurotransmitters' role in generating the molecular circadian rhythms is extremely important. In addition, we show that when a neurotransmitter drives the rhythm of a system of coupled damped oscillators, it exhibits very robust synchronization and is much more easily entrained to light/dark cycles. We were also able to recreate in our simulations the fast rhythm resetting seen after a 'jet lag' type experiment. Conclusion: Our work shows that a careful exploration of parameter space for even an extremely simplified model of the mammalian clock can reveal unexpected behaviours and non-trivial predictions. Our results suggest that the neurotransmitter feedback loop plays a crucial role in the robustness and phase resetting properties of the mammalian clock, even at the single neuron level

Control mioeléctrico para prototipo de prótesis de miembro superior a partir de la lectura de sensores del dispositivo portable MyoArmband

This project aims to develop a control based on electromyography (EMG) signals, using the MyoArmband portable device that, thanks to its sensors, wireless communication and easy use, is more comfortable for the user and can facilitate the signal characterization method thanks to its number of sensors. The control will have the ability to identify a basic group movement made with the human hand and will send control signals to an electromechanical prototype of the upper limb.Este proyecto pretende desarrollar un control basado en señales de electromiografía (EMG), usando el dispositivo portable MyoArmband que, gracias a sus sensores, comunicación inalámbrica y fácil uso, es más cómodo para el usuario y podrá facilitar el método de caracterización de las señales gracias a su cantidad de sensores. El control tendrá la capacidad de identificar un grupo básico movimientos hechos con la mano humana y enviará señales de control a un prototipo electromecánico de miembro superio

Predicción de la comprensión lectora

A pesar de los numerosos estudios realizados en torno al análisis de los componentes básicos de la lectura, no parece haberse llegado aún, dada la complejidad del tema, a conclusiones definitivas; ya que la gran mayoría de las investigaciones empíricas y experimentales realizadas al respecto, se limitan a establecer la correlación entre los aspectos medidos por determinados tests y el rendimiento en lectura, siendo escasas, sin embargo, las destinadas a comprobar la estructura interna de los factores madurativos supuestamente implicados en el aprendizaje lector (Molina, 1983)

Sistemas de gestión de la energía en la industria latinoamericana: caso de estudio Colombia

The increase in energy demand, mainly due to the dependence of industry and transport on fossil fuels, has led to the extensive use of these fuels and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, generating a severe environmental concern in all countries. Then, the need for a proportionate consumption of energy resources and the decarbonization of the economy to leverage the reduction of emissions into the atmosphere becomes evident. Therefore, implementing Energy Management Systems (EnMS) within industries makes sense, seeking to promote energy's rational and efficient use. Consequently, this paper presents a bibliographic review on the integration of EnMS in the industry, highlighting the main barriers and motivators for its implementation, emphasizing the leading role that management has within companies in converting these programs into sustainable initiatives in an extended time horizon. In addition, an analysis of the Latin American panorama is presented, especially the Colombian one, on the integration of mechanisms to improve energy efficiency in industries. One of the main conclusions evidenced was the need to increase support at the regulatory level for energy efficiency programs in the industry. Currently, greater prominence is given to renewable energy sources, which are a fundamental step for the energy transition but must be complemented with the rational and efficient use of resources. Here, the industry has an essential role in representing the segment of users that more energy traditionally consumes.El aumento de la demanda energética, debido principalmente a la dependencia de la industria y del transporte de los combustibles fósiles, ha llevado a su uso extensivo y a un aumento de las emisiones a la atmosfera, generando un alto nivel de preocupación ambiental en el ámbito global. Se hace entonces evidente la importancia de un consumo proporcionado de los recursos energéticos y la descarbonización de la economía. Por tanto, cobra sentido la implementación de sistemas de gestión de la energía (SGEn) dentro de las industrias, buscando fomentar el uso racional y eficiente de la energía. En consecuencia, como objetivo de este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre la integración de los SGEn en la industria, destacando las principales barreras y motivadores para su implementación, enfatizando el rol protagónico que tiene la gerencia dentro de las empresas para convertir estos programas en iniciativas sostenibles en el tiempo. Además, se presenta un análisis del panorama latinoamericano, especialmente el colombiano, sobre la integración de mecanismos para mejorar la eficiencia energética. Uno de los principales resultados evidenciados fue la necesidad de incrementar el apoyo regulatorio de los programas de eficiencia energética en la industria, pues, actualmente, se da un mayor protagonismo a las fuentes de energía renovable que son un paso fundamental para la transición energética, pero deben complementarse con el uso racional y eficiente de los recursos. Aquí, la industria tiene un papel esencial por representar el segmento de usuarios que más energía consume en la matriz energética tradicional