Hypertensive Rats

Apelin, a novel multifunctional peptide implicated in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, including blood pressure and cardiac function control, has been postulated to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and hypertensive heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, whether the effects of apelin's chronic application might be involved in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertensive rats (DOCA-salt rats). In this study, 8-10-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, control + apelin, DOCA-salt rats, DOCA-salt rats + apelin. Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (25 mg/kg of body weight) was injected subcutaneously, twice a week for 4 weeks. These rats received NaCl 1% instead of tap water for drinking during the experimental period. Later, rats were randomly treated with pyroglutamylated apelin-13 (200 mu g.kg(-1). day(-1) intraperitonealy) for 17 days. The concentrations of apelin, endothelin-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin II were analyzed in the plasma. The mRNA level of apelin and apelin receptor were determined in the heart and aorta tissue by real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. It was found that apelin reduces blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats. Apelin can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of hypertension in the future

MicroRNA-125b as a new potential biomarker on diagnosis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Methods: Wistar-Albino rats (12-16 wk old, weighing 300-350 g) were used in the study. Rats (n = 6) were randomized into three groups (control, IR, and BM + IR). Tissue levels of miRs were analyzed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Background: Acute renal failure is commonly seen in the perioperative period. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury plays a major role in acute renal failure and delayed graft function. MicroRNAs (miRs), which are pivotal modulators of cell activities, offer a major opportunity for affective diagnosis and treatment strategies because they are tissue specific and in the center of gene expression modulation. The effect of bardoxolone methyl (BM) on miR-21, miR-223-5p, and miR-125b in renal IR injury was evaluated in this study.Results: Significant reduction of urea and total oxidant status, increase of total antioxidant status, and oxidative stress index were identified in the IR + BM group compared with the IR group. Significant increases of miR-21 (2842.82-fold) and miR-125b (536.8-fold) were identified in the IR group compared with the control group; however, miR-223-5p levels did not show any significant difference. Also, miR-21 and miR-125b were significantly reduced in the IR + BM group compared with the IR group. Reduced histopathologic changes were observed in the IR + BM group. A significant decrease in the number of tunel-positive cells was identified in the IR + BM group compared with the IR group.Conclusions: miR-125b was significantly increased in IR injury; thus, miR-125b can be a potential novel marker that can be used in diagnosis and treatment of renal IR injury. BM reduces miR-21 and miR-125b in case of IR injury and makes functional and histopathologic repairs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The effects of apelin treatment on a rat model of type 2 diabetes

Purpose: Apelin is an adipokine that plays a role in the regulation of many biological functions in mammals including the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, immune systems, glucose homeostasis and obesity. It can act via autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exocrine signaling. We aimed to identify the role of apelin pathophysiology of diabetes.Material/methods: 37 male Wistar Albino rats aged 8-10 weeks were divided in four experimental groups as: control group (C) control + apelin group (C + A), diabetic group (D) diabetic + apelin group (D + A). Apelin and apelin receptor mRNA gene expressions in heart and aorta tissue were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The plasma levels of insulin and plasma apelin were determined by ELISA.Results: Plasma levels of insulin, glucose, blood pressure levels were significantly lower in D + A group. There was no statistically significant difference for level of apelin between diabetic groups. On the other hand, differences for apelin and APJ mRNA expression in heart and vascular tissue were found significant between groups.Conclusions: Apelin can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of type II diabetes in the future. (C) 2014 Medical University of Bialystok. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved

reperfusion

Aim: MicroRNAs (miR) are important diagnostic and treatment targets due to their different tissue expressions and their central position in the regulation of gene expressions. miR studies might pioneer emerging of new diagnostic tools and treatment goals in kidney diseases. Captopril (CAP) and telmisartan (TEL) were shown to be effective in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. There is not any study about the effect of TEL and CAP over miR-21-320-146a. Our aim was to study the effects of CAP and TEL over miR on renal IR model.Methods: We used 12-16 weeks-old Wistar-Albino rats that weigh 300-350g. Rats (n, 6) were randomized into four groups (Control, IR, IR+CAP, IR+TEL). Urea, creatinine, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and miRs were analyzed.Results: Urea, creatinine, TOS, OSI levels of IR+CAP, and IR+TEL groups were lower comparing to IR group. TAS and SOD levels were higher in IR group than IR+TEL group. miR-21-320-146a showed increase in renal IR injury. miR-320, 146a showed significant decrease in IR+CAP and IR+TEL groups comparing to IR group. We showed histopathological recovery and decreased apoptosis in IR+CAP and IR+T groups than IR group.Conclusion: We, for the first time in the literature, showed that miR-320 is increased in IR injury. miR-320 might be a novel diagnosis and treatment target in renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Also, for the first time, we showed that CAP and TEL cause functional and histopathological recovery and lower miR-146a and miR-320

and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

Aims: We aimed to observe the effects of apelin supplementation on the plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in DOCA-salt hypertensive and normal rats.Methods: For this purpose, 28 young Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups; Control (C), Control + Apelin (C+A), Hypertension (HT) and Hypertension + Apelin (HT+A). Hypertension was induced by injection of DOCA-salt (25 mg/kg, s.c.) twice weekly, 4 weeks, whereas intraperitoneal apelin was administered (200 mu g.kg(-1)) for 17 days. Plasma nesfatin-1 and apelin levels were measured with ELISA. Systolic blood pressure was monitored using a tail cuff system. The relationships between plasma nesfatin levels and blood pressure were assessed.Results: Plasma nesfatin-1 levels was found lower in control animals compared to C+A, HT and HT+A groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.026 and p = 0.011, respectively). Systolic blood pressures were similar in the C and C+A groups, but systolic blood pressures of the HT and HT+A groups was found significantly higher than the C and C+A groups.Conclusions: In conclusion, apelin administration induced an increment of nesfatin-1 in normal rats and plasma levels of nesfatin-1 increase in DOCA-salt hypertension rats. But apelin addition in hypertension did not cause an extra increase in nesfatin-1 levels. This is the first report to investigate the effect of apelin administration on plasma nesfatin levels of normal and hypertensive rats (Fig. 2, Ref. 44). Text in PDF www.elis.sk