Application of Different Non-ionic Surfactants on the Conventional Extraction and Dyeing Characteristics of Natural Dyes on the Wool Yarn

Publisher Copyright: © Institute for Color Science and TechnologyThis study presents the application of three commercial non-ionic surfactants, namely nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (Kenon), sorbitan ester polyethylene glycol ether (Tween), and oleic acid polyethylene glycol ester (Keol), to improve the extraction process of weld, madder, and walnut green husk natural dyes. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of Keol, Kenon, and Tween were 0.15, 0.19, and 0.25 g/L, respectively. The introduction of non-ionic surfactants into the solution markedly improved colorant extraction from plant sources, leading to a significant increase in the percentage of dye extracted in water. The wool dyeing with extracted dyes was also found to benefit from the presence of Tween, resulting in up to 11, 29 and 28 % increase in the color strength for weld, madder and walnut green husk extracts, respectively. Moreover, non-ionic surfactants improved dyeing and levelling properties of wool samples, and did not negatively impact on the general fastness ratings of dyed samples. Overall, this study suggests that the use of non-ionic surfactants provides a favorable manner for improving the extraction process of natural dyes and enhancing their dyeing properties.Peer reviewe

In situ photoreduction of Ag+-ions on the surface of titania nanotubes deposited on cotton and cotton/PET fabrics

This study discusses the possibility of in situ photoreduction of Ag+-ions on the surface of titania nanotubes (TNTs) deposited on the cotton and cotton/PET fabrics in the presence of amino acid alanine and methyl alcohol. TNTs were synthetized by hydrothermal method. The proposed interaction between titania, alanine and Ag+-ions was based on the results obtained by FTIR measurements. In order to enhance the binding efficiency between TNTs and fibers, the fabrics were previously impregnated with polyethyleneimine. The presence of TNT/Ag nanocrystals on the surface of fibers was proved by SEM, AAS, XRD and XPS. Larger amount of silver was detected on the cotton fabric. Fabricated TiO2/Ag nanocrystals provided maximum reduction of bacteria E. coli which was preserved after five washing cycles despite significant release of silver. The perspiration fastness tests indicated that silver release did not depend on pH. The presence of TNT/Ag nanocrystals imparted maximum UV protection to fabrics

In situ polymerized polyaniline nanofiber-based functional cotton and nylon fabrics as millimeter-wave absorbers

AbstractPolyaniline nanofibers and their composite with graphite have been synthesized by a simple chemical polymerization method. Polyaniline nanofiber graphite composites with a thickness of 1 mm exhibit excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of above 80 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–18 GHz. EMI shielding fabrics of 0.1 mm thickness based on polyaniline nanofibers and their composite have been developed by an in situ polymerization route. These fabrics combine the properties of polyaniline nanofibers as well as their composite and fabrics (cotton and nylon). The developed functional fabrics with 0.1 mm thickness exhibit EMI shielding effectiveness in the range of 11–15 dB in the 8.2–18 GHz frequency range. Optical and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate the uniform coating of the polyaniline nanofibers over the individual fibers and interweave regions. Thin and flexible shielding materials suitable for a broad range of millimeter-wave shielding applications have been developed using this simple and potentially profitable method.Abstract Polyaniline nanofibers and their composite with graphite have been synthesized by a simple chemical polymerization method. Polyaniline nanofiber graphite composites with a thickness of 1 mm exhibit excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of above 80 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–18 GHz. EMI shielding fabrics of 0.1 mm thickness based on polyaniline nanofibers and their composite have been developed by an in situ polymerization route. These fabrics combine the properties of polyaniline nanofibers as well as their composite and fabrics (cotton and nylon). The developed functional fabrics with 0.1 mm thickness exhibit EMI shielding effectiveness in the range of 11–15 dB in the 8.2–18 GHz frequency range. Optical and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate the uniform coating of the polyaniline nanofibers over the individual fibers and interweave regions. Thin and flexible shielding materials suitable for a broad range of millimeter-wave shielding applications have been developed using this simple and potentially profitable method