Resistindo ao desenvolvimento neocolonial: a luta do povo de Andalgalá contra projetos megamineiros

A América Latina vem experimentando uma nova era de declarada fé dos governos no mito do desenvolvimento, em articulação com a expansão de políticas extrativistas exportadoras em um contexto de renovada dependência. A face mais dramática do extrativismo na região tem sido a crescente presença de corporações mineiras transnacionais apoiadas por governos nacionais e regionais e por instituições internacionais financeiras e de apoio ao desenvolvimento, e intensamente resistidas por movimentos sociais populares. Neste artigo apresentamos o caso de Andalgalá (uma pequena cidade na Província de Catamarca, na Argentina) e as lutas do povo contra corporações mineiras transnacionais e seus aliados. Na tradição da Filosofia da Libertação e do método ana-dialético de Dussel, nos engajamos com o que tem sido denominado "comunidades argentinas do NÃO", expressando sua oposição a formas neocoloniais de desenvolvimento e gestão. Neste artigo estamos especificamente interessados em compreender como dois dispositivos gerencialistas usados pelas corporações mineiras, responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) e pactos de governança, impactam a luta do povo. Acima de tudo, este artigo oferece instantâneos de batalhas na linha de frente do extrativismo. Esperamos ter dado voz àquelas pessoas que normalmente não são ouvidas, criando um espaço para suas visões sobre um tipo diferente de desenvolvimento.</jats:p

3D printed poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)—45S5 bioactive glass composite resorbable scaffolds suitable for bone regeneration

Abstract: 3D printing for tissue engineering requires biomaterials with mechanical and biological properties suitable for both tissue regeneration and the printing process. A filament made of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) combined with 45S5 Bioglass (BG) was used to print 3D scaffolds by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Chemical treatment of BG particles with chlorotrimethylsilane (CTMS) improved the ductility of the extruded filaments and allowed excellent printability. Controlling the printing parameter infill density (I%), from 20 to 90%, scaffolds were obtained with interconnected pores and channel sizes in the 100–800 µm range and exhibiting tensile modulus from 0.25 to 1.36 GPa. PHBV + BG scaffolds and PHBV scaffolds coated with CTMS treated BG particles, as a model of a rough and biologically active coating, showed no cytotoxic effects, and cells preferred the scaffolds containing BG in terms of cell spreading. Mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds were similar to those of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of trabecular bone. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]Fil: Aráoz, Silvina Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Tecnologias Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas. - Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Tecnologias Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Biomecanica y Bioinstrumentacion.; ArgentinaFil: Karakaya, Emine. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: González Sánchez Wusener, Ana Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Detsch, Rainer. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Bizzotto, Juan Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Gueron, Geraldine. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Boccaccini, Aldo R.. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Hermida, Elida Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Tecnologias Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas. - Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Tecnologias Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Biomecanica y Bioinstrumentacion.; Argentin

3D-Printed Poly(ester urethane)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/Bioglass Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Biodegradable polymers and bioceramics give rise to composite structures that serve as scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration. The current research explores the preparation of biodegradable filaments for additive manufacturing. Bioresorbable segmented poly(ester urethanes) (SPEUs) are easily printable elastomers but lack bioactivity and present low elastic modulus, making them unsuitable for applications such as bone tissue engineering. Strategies such as blending and composite filament production still constitute an important challenge in addressing SPEU limitations. In this work, SPEU-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blends and SPEU-PHBV-Bioglass 45S5 ® (BG) composite materials were processed into filaments and 3D structures. A comprehensive characterization of their morphology and thermal and mechanical properties is presented. The production of 3D structures based on SPEU-PHBV with excellent dimensional precision was achieved. Although SPEU-PHBV-BG printed structures showed some defects associated with the printing process, the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of these materials hold promise. The blend composition, BG content and particle size, processing parameters, and blending techniques were carefully managed to ensure that the mechanical behavior of the material remained under control. The incorporation of PHBV in SPEU-PHBV at 70:30 w / w and BG (5 wt%) acted as reinforcement, enhancing both the elastic modulus of the filaments and the compressive mechanical behavior of the 3D matrices. The compressive stress of the printed scaffold was found to be 1.48 ± 0.13 MPa, which is optimal for tissues such as human proximal tibial trabecular bone. Therefore, these materials show potential for use in the design and manufacture of customized structures for bone tissue engineering.This research was funded by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación (ANPCyT, grant PICT153/15), el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, grants PIP153/17 and PIP128/15), and the Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP, grant 15/G600).Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la InnovaciónConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plat

Investigación, domesticación y educación para el uso sustentable y conservación de la flora nativa del centro de Argentina

Los bosques nativos del Centro Argentino disminuyen rápidamente debido a talas, incendios y expansión agrícola y urbana. Se pierden especies vegetales, entre ellas muchas con valor de uso tradicional o potencial. Se plantea como objetivo global, continuar y profundizar las actividades iniciadas en el Jardín Botánico Gaspar Xuárez sj (JBGXsj), con respecto a conservar, recuperar y domesticar recursos fitogenéticos autóctonos para el uso sustentable, a través de la investigación y la educación. Los sitios naturales en áreas urbanas son valiosos espacios educativos donde muchos ciudadanos toman contacto directo con la naturaleza; tienen un potencial interesante en la formación de líderes ambientales. Se dará continuidad al programa de conservación y enriquecimiento del remanente de Espinal del JBGXsj, valorado como aula verde y como parte integrante del Banco de Germoplasma del JBGXsj. Esta forma de conservación, in situ, permite mantener especies, interacciones y arreglos espaciales típicos. A su vez se conservará ex situ en el Banco, nuevas semillas y plantas vivas de especies del centro del país, priorizando las de valor etnobotánico tradicional o potencial. El material y la información servirán para investigación, propagación y educación. El material se evaluará y caracterizará por peso de 1000 semillas, poder germinativo y viabilidad de semillas almacenadas. Se estudiará la domesticación de especies ecológicamente vulnerables que presenten potencial de uso múltiple, y que además permitan promover sinergia con otros proyectos de investigación en la UCC. Se estudiarán características agronómicas y biológicas para el cultivo intensivo. Se formarán recursos humanos en investigación y técnica, a través de pasantías y talleres. Se desarrollará un programa educativo enfocado a conservación, interpretación ambiental y cambios actitudinales para el desarrollo sustentable. Se motivará y dará conocimiento a docentes y alumnos de instituciones educativas y público en general. Se realizarán visitas guiadas por senderos interpretativos de contenido ecológico, etnobotánico y evolutivo.Fil: Perazzolo, Diana Alicia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura; ArgentinaFil: Eynard, María Cecilia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura; ArgentinaFil: Aráoz, Susana Delicia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Recreational and occupational field exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria – a review of anecdotal and case reports, epidemiological studies and the challenges for epidemiologic assessment

Cyanobacteria are common inhabitants of freshwater lakes and reservoirs throughout the world. Under favourable conditions, certain cyanobacteria can dominate the phytoplankton within a waterbody and form nuisance blooms. Case reports and anecdotal references dating from 1949 describe a range of illnesses associated with recreational exposure to cyanobacteria: hay fever-like symptoms, pruritic skin rashes and gastro-intestinal symptoms are most frequently reported. Some papers give convincing descriptions of allergic reactions while others describe more serious acute illnesses, with symptoms such as severe headache, pneumonia, fever, myalgia, vertigo and blistering in the mouth. A coroner in the United States found that a teenage boy died as a result of accidentally ingesting a neurotoxic cyanotoxin from a golf course pond. This death is the first recorded human fatality attributed to recreational exposure to cyanobacteria, although uncertainties surround the forensic identification of the suspected cyanotoxin in this case. We systematically reviewed the literature on recreational exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria. Epidemiological data are limited, with six studies conducted since 1990. Statistically significant increases in symptoms were reported in individuals exposed to cyanobacteria compared to unexposed counterparts in two Australian cohort studies, though minor morbidity appeared to be the main finding. The four other small studies (three from the UK, one Australian) did not report any significant association. However, the potential for serious injury or death remains, as freshwater cyanobacteria under bloom conditions are capable of producing potent toxins that cause specific and severe dysfunction to hepatic or central nervous systems. The exposure route for these toxins is oral, from ingestion of recreational water, and possibly by inhalation. A range of freshwater microbial agents may cause acute conditions that present with features that resemble illnesses attributed to contact with cyanobacteria and, conversely, acute illness resulting from exposure to cyanobacteria or cyanotoxins in recreational waters could be misdiagnosed. Accurately assessing exposure to cyanobacteria in recreational waters is difficult and unreliable at present, as specific biomarkers are unavailable. However, diagnosis of cyanobacteria-related illness should be considered for individuals presenting with acute illness following freshwater contact if a description is given of a waterbody visibly affected by planktonic mass development

Diagnostic investigation of 100 cases of abortion in sheep in Uruguay: 2015-2021

The aim of this work was to identify causes of abortion through laboratory investigations in sheep flocks in Uruguay. One hundred cases of abortion, comprising 58 fetuses, 36 fetuses with their placentas, and 6 placentas were investigated in 2015-2021. Cases were subjected to gross and microscopic pathologic examinations, and microbiological and serological testing for the identification of causes of abortion, including protozoal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. An etiologic diagnosis was determined in 46 (46%) cases, including 33 (33%) cases caused by infectious pathogens, as determined by the detection of a pathogen along with the identification of fetoplacental lesions attributable to the detected pathogen. Twenty-seven cases (27%) were caused by Toxoplasma gondii, 5 (5%) by Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus, and 1 (1%) by an unidentified species of Campylobacter. Fourteen cases (14%) had inflammatory and/or necrotizing fetoplacental lesions compatible with an infectious etiology. Although the cause for these lesions was not clearly identified, T. gondii was detected in 4 of these cases, opportunistic bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Streptococcus sp.) were isolated in 2 cases, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtype i (BVDV-1i) was detected in another. Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 1 (1%) severely autolyzed, mummified fetus. BVDV-2b was identified incidentally in one fetus with an etiologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Microscopic agglutination test revealed antibodies against ≥1 Leptospira serovars in 15/63 (23.8%) fetuses; however, Leptospira was not identified by a combination of qPCR, culture, fluorescent antibody testing nor immunohistochemistry. Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia pecorum, Coxiella burnetii and border disease virus were not detected in any of the analyzed cases. Death was attributed to dystocia in 13 (13%) fetuses delivered by 8 sheep, mostly from one highly prolific flock. Congenital malformations including inferior prognathism, a focal hepatic cyst, and enterohepatic agenesis were identified in one fetus each, the latter being the only one considered incompatible with postnatal life. Toxoplasmosis, campylobacteriosis and dystocia were the main identified causes of fetal losses. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiologic diagnosis, a systematic laboratory workup in cases of abortion is of value to identify their causes and enables zoonotic pathogens surveillance.INIA: PL_27 N-23398ANII: FCE_3_2018_1_148540ANII: FSA_1_2018_1_15268