FELT AS A PART OF MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL WORLD CULTURE

Analysis of academic literature and of specialized sources showed a serious lack of research studies and publications on the role of felt in Bashkir material culture. A review of available information about felt can set the groundwork for further in-depth research studies in this area. This paper aims to introduce readers to the history of felt, its place in daily life and its reflection in Bashkir spiritual culture. What makes this study relevant in the present context is that it fills the gap in research on felt as being an element of Bashkir material culture and its presence in Bashkir folklore. Based on felt-related folklore and ethnographic materials drawn from the authors’ published and non-published field notes, this paper seeks to show the rich history of felt from ancient times to our days and to identify its place in Bashkir spiritual culture. The analytical approach revealed the strong presence of felt in folklore, particularly, in Bashkir fairy tales and customs. The study found that fairy tales usually mention white felt which was widely used in rituals and traditional medicine. Examples drawn from various fairy tales illustrate the authors’ observations about the role of felt in Bashkir spiritual culture

Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких: значимость факторов риска частых обострений, при которых требуется госпитализация

Aim. Identification of risk factors for readmissions associated with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) followed by evaluation of quality of the medical care in the outpatient and hospital settings.Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the multidisciplinary hospitals in Kazan from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, was.Results. The identified risk factors for readmission were male gender (relative risk (RR) 3.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45 – 8.43; p < 0.05), age over 70 years (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.74 – 1.86; p < 0.05), smoking experience more than 40 years (RR 1.6; 95% CI 0.87 – 3.0; p < 0.05), duration of COPD at least 10 years (RR 3.48; 95% CI 2.27 – 5.34; p < 0.05), the presence of three or more concomitant diseases (RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.23 – 3.4; p < 0.05). The most significant reasons for readmissions were nonadherence in the outpatient settings, as well as defects in the therapy that was provided in the hospital and prescribed upon discharge.Conclusion. The identified risk factors are non-modifiable in most cases, so optimizing treatment and monitoring patient adherence are of paramount importance. Also, more attention should be paid to nonpharmacological treatment in the form of maintaining physical activity, early smoking cessation and psychological rehabilitation. The revealed defects of the quality of medical care for patients with severe exacerbations requiring repeated hospitalizations indicate the need to intensify the implementation of the federal clinical guidelines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the real clinical practice.Целью исследования явилась идентификация факторов риска (ФР) повторных госпитализаций, связанных с обострением хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ), с последующей оценкой качества оказания помощи пациентам на амбулаторном и госпитальном этапах.Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинских карт больных с обострением ХОБЛ, госпитализированных в многопрофильные стационары Казани в период с 01.01.15 по 31.12.18.Результаты. Выявлено, что ФР повторных госпитализаций являются мужской пол (относительный риск (ОР) – 3,49; 95%-ный доверительный интервал (ДИ) – 1,45–8,43; р < 0,05), возраст старше 70 лет (ОР – 1,21; 95%-ный ДИ – 0,74–1,86; р < 0,05), стаж курения ≥ 40 лет (ОР – 1,6; 95%-ный ДИ – 0,87–3,0; р < 0,05), длительность ХОБЛ ≥ 10 лет (ОР – 3,48; 95%-ный ДИ – 2,27–5,34; р < 0,05), наличие ≥ 3 сопутствующих заболеваний (ОР – 2,0; 95%-ный ДИ – 1,23–3,4; р < 0,05). Наиболее значимыми причинами последующих госпитализаций после выписки из стационара можно считать недостаточную приверженность пациентов терапии в амбулаторных условиях, а также дефекты терапии, проводимой в стационаре и рекомендуемой при выписке.Заключение. Установлено, что выявленные ФР в большинстве случаев относятся к немодифицируемым, поэтому первостепенное значение придается оптимизации лечения и контролю над приверженностью пациентов терапии. Больше внимания следует также уделять немедикаментозному лечению в виде сохранения физической активности, раннего отказа от курения и психологической реабилитации. Выявленные нарушения качества оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с тяжелыми обострениями, при которых требуется повторная госпитализация, свидетельствуют о необходимости активизации внедрения положений федеральных клинических рекомендаций по ХОБЛ в реальную врачебную практику

One-year prevalence and the impact of migraine and tension-type headache in Turkey: a nationwide home-based study in adults

Several studies have shown that the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) varied between different geographical regions. Therefore, there is a need of a nationwide prevalence study for headache in our country, located between Asia and Europe. This nationwide study was designed to estimate the 1-year prevalence of migraine and TTH and analyse the clinical features, the impact as well as the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the participant households in Turkey. We planned to investigate 6,000 representative households in 21 cities of Turkey; and a total of 5,323 households (response rate of 89%) aged between 18 and 65 years were examined for headache by 33 trained physicians at home on the basis of the diagnostic criteria of the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II). The electronically registered questionnaire was based on the headache features, the associated symptoms, demographic and socio-economic situation and history. Of 5,323 participants (48.8% women; mean age 35.9 ± 12 years) 44.6% reported recurrent headaches during the last 1 year and 871 were diagnosed with migraine at a prevalence rate of 16.4% (8.5% in men and 24.6% in women), whereas only 270 were diagnosed with TTH at a prevalence rate of 5.1% (5.7% in men and 4.5% in women). The 1-year prevalence of probable migraine was 12.4% and probable TTH was 9.5% additionally. The rate of migraine with aura among migraineurs was 21.5%. The prevalence of migraine was highest among 35–40-year-old women while there were no differences in age groups among men and in TTH overall. More than 2/3 of migraineurs had ever consulted a physician whereas only 1/3 of patients with TTH had ever consulted a physician. For women, the migraine prevalence was higher among the ones with a lower income, while among men, it did not show any change by income. Migraine prevalence was lower in those with a lower educational status compared to those with a high educational status. Chronic daily headache was present in 3.3% and the prevalence of medication overuse headache was 2.1% in our population. There was an important impact of migraine with a monthly frequency of 5.9 ± 6, and an attack duration of 35.1 ± 72 h, but only 4.9% were on prophylactic treatment. The one-year prevalence of migraine estimated as 16.4% was similar or even higher than world-wide reported migraine prevalence figures and identical to a previous nation-wide study conducted in 1998, whereas the TTH prevalence was much lower using the same methodology with the ICHD-II criteria

The level of knowledge of, attitude toward and emphasis given to HBV and HCV infections among healthcare professionals: Data from a tertiary hospital in Turkey

Objectives: To evaluate the level of knowledge of, to investigate the attitudes toward, and to determine the emphasis given to the national prevalence of HBV/HCV infections among healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 healthcare professionals (mean (SD) age: 37.0 (6.3) years; 86.9% – females) including medical laboratory technicians (N = 54) and nurses (N = 152) employed in the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey. Laboratory (N = 53), operating room (N = 41) and in-patient clinic (N = 112) staff were included in this descriptive study. A 33-questionnaire composed of questions related to their level of knowledge and attitudes toward HBV/HCV infections, the sources of their knowledge of HBV/HCV infections and the emphasis given to the national and global importance of the diseases was administered via a face–to-face interview method with each subject; participation was volunteer based. Results: The participants working in the in-patient clinic (18.0 (3.2)) had the highest mean (SD) knowledge level compared to the laboratory (16.4 (3.1), p < 0.05) and operating room (17.0 (2.8), p < 0.05) staff. The participants from the in-patient clinic (44.6%) had a more advanced level of knowledge compared to the participants working in the laboratory (27.8%, p < 0.05) and the operating room (30.0%, p < 0.05). Most of the subjects (60.7%) had education concerning HBV/HCV infections in the past. There was no signifi cant difference between the hospital units in terms of the attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) toward HBV/HCV infections and the level of education concerning them. Conclusions: Our fi ndings revealed a moderate level of knowledge in most HCWs, regardless of their exposure to risk. While the highest knowledge scores and vaccination rates were noted among the in-patient clinic staff, there was no signifi cant difference between the hospital units in terms of the attitudes of HCWs towards a patient or a colleague with an HBV/HCV infection

Experimental-preclinical justification of the application of stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue for the formation of bone tissue in the areas around implants: abstract of a dissertation for a scientific degree candidate of medical sciences: 14.01.14 – dentistry/ Aygul Rafikovna Khairutdinova; Federal state autonomous educational Institution of higher education "Kazan (Volga Region) federal university", Department of dentistry and implantology

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Handedness, eyedness, and crossed hand-eye dominance in male and female patients with migraine with and without aura: A pilot study

The possible relationships of migraine to left-handedness and left-eyedness, as well as sex and aura-related differences, were examined. 146 migraine patients (M age=32.1 yr., SD=9.5) and 141 controls (M age=30.0 yr., SD=9.3) participated. Hand preference was assessed by the modified version of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Ocular dominance was measured by means of the near-far alignment test. Migraine diagnoses were made on the basis of criteria provided from the International Headache Society. In the overall sample and in women, left-handedness and left-eyedness were not significantly correlated with migraine. In men, the incidence of left-handedness and left-eyedness were significantly higher in patients than in controls. The presence of aura in patients with migraine was significantly associated with the incidence of left-eyedness and crossed hand-eye dominance, but not handedness, for the total sample and women. These results suggest that there may be a tendency towards anomalous dominance, especially left-eyedness, in migraine patients particularly those with aura

Local Plastic Deformation and Quality of Cu-Cu Joints Obtained by Ultrasonic Welding

Joints of copper sheets with a thickness of 0.8 mm were produced by ultrasonic welding. To assess the quality of the joints, tensile lap-shear strength, area fraction of bonding, distributions of normal strains in the cross sections of welded samples, linear weld density at a magnification of &times;1000, and the microstructure and microhardness of welded samples were analyzed. It was proved that the arrangement of microbonds and length of gaps in joint zones significantly depended on the local normal strains of welded samples caused by the penetration of tool ridges under the clamping pressure. Joint regions with a linear weld density of more than 70% were observed if the local compression strains of the sample exceeded 15%. The appearance of local tensile strains was accompanied by a drop in the linear weld density of the joints in some regions, down to 5%. The distribution of normal strains depends on the mutual positions of the ridges of the welding tip and anvil. It is concluded that in order to improve the quality of joints obtained by ultrasonic welding and reduce the scatter of their strength values, welding tools should provide sufficiently high normal compression strains in the weld spot area