Optiaml Resource Regime in Natural Resource Management: A revised economic theory of commons

The economic theory of natural resource management has its roots in the conventional economic theory of commons that overlooked the role of the institutional structures and the associated transaction costs. Hence, it has not been able to explain the outcomes of the cases of successful management of natural resources, such as forests, as common property. The possible economic optimality of community regimes has been recognised in the empirical literature, but it has not yet been incorporated in production models that would help to elucidate the reasons for its relatively superior performance in selected contexts. In this paper, we incorporate institutional structure into a static analysis of optimal resource management regimes which aims to correct this neglect. Resource regime is included as one variable input in natural resource production models that leads to determine global optimum resource regime. The other specific features of this paper are: i) a continuous array of possibilities varying from open access at one extreme to private regime at the other rather than just the two extreme options of state and private regimes; (ii) the socio-economic characteristics of the resource's "user group" as the main determinant of the relative efficiency of different regimes; and (iii) a specific mathematical form for the transaction function, in order to facilitate empirical studies in this area. Static models for general separable and non-separable transformation and transaction functions are discussed. The possibility of different resource regimes being optimal in different socio-economic conditions is highlighted.

On the proximity relation between two surface-melted clusters involved in inter-cluster mass-transfer

We explore the way free particles produced by dissociating ``particle-hole pairs'' on a surface-melted cluster can be transferred to a second, nearby surface-melted cluster. This mass transport is based on an inter-cluster direct transfer mechanism of the particles. We found that in this particular case one cluster may grow at the expense of another, obeying a temporal power law with the exponent 1/2 for the average radius R = const t^{1/2}. The change from the expected universal power law R = const t^{1/3} is a consequence of the proximity relation between these two clusters which lead to enhance the effective transport rates.Comment: 8 pages, 1 fig., Eur. Phys. J. D - to appea

When do Agricultural Exports Help the Rural Poor? A Political-Economy Approach

Agricultural exports have been touted by a number of economists as having important potential to alleviate rural poverty, and poverty more generally since much of it is rural, in developing countries. The logic of this view lies in the ideas that (a) many agricultural export products are relatively labour intensive in production and that in many countries the until-recently-prevailing import substitution strategies have penalized agriculture. Moving to a freer trade regime removes the implicit tax on the sector and should loose its growth potential with resulting benefits for workers and small holders. This view, plausible enough from one perspective, flies in the face of much historical evidence that as new agricultural exports become an option, peasant groups are pushed off the lands they previously operated so that large-scale farmers can dedicate it to export use. This process has yielded much conflict and violence, and rather than helping the rural poor has often made them worse off. Predicting whether agricultural exports will help the rural poor thus involves judging whether the reality in a given situation is closer to the first cited model or to the second one. At present fruit and vegetable exports offer hope of strong employment creation in a number of developing countries, though total trade figures suggest that these products cannot by themselves pull up the rural poor in larger developing countries.

PRODUCER BARGAINING: ITS CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS

Industrial Organization,

Agrarian Reform, Land Distribution, and Small-Farm Policy as Preventive of Humanitarian Emergencies

No Abstract

Vibrational transfer functions for complex structures

Evaluation of effects of vibrational multiple frequency forcing functions is discussed. Computer program for developing vibrational transfer functions is described. Possible applications of computer program are enumerated

Statistical Properties of Many Particle Eigenfunctions

Wavefunction correlations and density matrices for few or many particles are derived from the properties of semiclassical energy Green functions. Universal features of fixed energy (microcanonical) random wavefunction correlation functions appear which reflect the emergence of the canonical ensemble as the number of particles approaches infinity. This arises through a little known asymptotic limit of Bessel functions. Constraints due to symmetries, boundaries, and collisions between particles can be included.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Analysis and test for space shuttle propellant dynamics: 1/60th scale model test results

During the abort sequence, the ET and orbiter separate under aerodynamic loading, with propellant remaining in the ET. The separation event included a seven second decelerating coast period during which the residual propellant accelerates relative to the ET/orbiter. At separation, ET clearance was primarily provided by aerodynamics acting on the ET to move it away. The motion of the propellant, primarily LOX, significantly influenced the resulting ET motion and could cause the ET to recontact the orbiter. A test program was conducted involving thirty-two drops with 1/60th scale models of the ET LOX tank. The objective was to acquire data on the nature of low g propellant reorientation, in the ET LOX tank, and to measure the forces exerted on the tank by the moving propellant

Quantum Charged Spinning Particles in a Strong Magnetic Field (a Quantal Guiding Center Theory)

A quantal guiding center theory allowing to systematically study the separation of the different time scale behaviours of a quantum charged spinning particle moving in an external inhomogeneous magnetic filed is presented. A suitable set of operators adapting to the canonical structure of the problem and generalizing the kinematical momenta and guiding center operators of a particle coupled to a homogenous magnetic filed is constructed. The Pauli Hamiltonian rewrites in this way as a power series in the magnetic length $l_B= \sqrt{\hbar c/eB}$ making the problem amenable to a perturbative analysis. The first two terms of the series are explicitly constructed. The effective adiabatic dynamics turns to be in coupling with a gauge filed and a scalar potential. The mechanism producing such magnetic-induced geometric-magnetism is investigated in some detail.Comment: LaTeX (epsfig macros), 27 pages, 2 figures include