Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2013-31 March 2013

This article documents the addition of 142 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agriophyllum squarrosum, Amazilia cyanocephala, Batillaria attramentaria, Fungal strain CTeY1 (Ascomycota), Gadopsis marmoratus, Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata, Liriomyza sativae, Lupinus polyphyllus, Metschnikowia reukaufii, Puccinia striiformis and Xylocopa grisescens. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Amazilia beryllina, Amazilia candida, Amazilia rutila, Amazilia tzacatl, Amazilia violiceps, Amazilia yucatanensis, Campylopterus curvipennis, Cynanthus sordidus, Hylocharis leucotis, Juniperus brevifolia, Juniperus cedrus, Juniperus osteosperma, Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus thurifera, Liriomyza bryoniae, Liriomyza chinensis, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza trifolii. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Policy report on institutional barriers and enablers - Blue Green Governance Project Deliverable 1.1

➢ This report offers guidance and insights into the most prevalent (sets of)institutional barriers and enablers for change in marine and coastal governance.➢ It is based on a thorough review of the scientific and grey literature, complementedwith insights from interviews on the BGG Case Studies.➢ It synthesizes the insights gained through this review of the literature and the field,with a focus on five key dimensions fundamental to achieve institutional changewithin coastal governance.➢ It builds on these insights to provide policy recommendations for achieving changeand addressing crucial challenges for marine and coastal governance.➢ This report is a synthesis. Its foundation lies in the review of the scientific and greyliterature. The detailed results of this scientific review is presented in a differentoutput, i.e. the scientific review report

Policy report on institutional barriers and enablers - Blue Green Governance Project Deliverable 1.1

➢ This report offers guidance and insights into the most prevalent (sets of)institutional barriers and enablers for change in marine and coastal governance.➢ It is based on a thorough review of the scientific and grey literature, complementedwith insights from interviews on the BGG Case Studies.➢ It synthesizes the insights gained through this review of the literature and the field,with a focus on five key dimensions fundamental to achieve institutional changewithin coastal governance.➢ It builds on these insights to provide policy recommendations for achieving changeand addressing crucial challenges for marine and coastal governance.➢ This report is a synthesis. Its foundation lies in the review of the scientific and greyliterature. The detailed results of this scientific review is presented in a differentoutput, i.e. the scientific review report

Policy report on institutional barriers and enablers - Blue Green Governance Project Deliverable 1.1

➢ This report offers guidance and insights into the most prevalent (sets of)institutional barriers and enablers for change in marine and coastal governance.➢ It is based on a thorough review of the scientific and grey literature, complementedwith insights from interviews on the BGG Case Studies.➢ It synthesizes the insights gained through this review of the literature and the field,with a focus on five key dimensions fundamental to achieve institutional changewithin coastal governance.➢ It builds on these insights to provide policy recommendations for achieving changeand addressing crucial challenges for marine and coastal governance.➢ This report is a synthesis. Its foundation lies in the review of the scientific and greyliterature. The detailed results of this scientific review is presented in a differentoutput, i.e. the scientific review report

Spatial effects, sampling errors, and task specialization in the honey bee

Task allocation patterns should depend on the spatial distribution of work within the nest, variation in task demand, and the movement patterns of workers, however, relatively little research has focused on these topics. This study uses a spatially explicit agent based model to determine whether such factors alone can generate biases in task performance at the individual level in the honey bees, Apis mellifera. Specialization (bias in task performance) is shown to result from strong sampling error due to localized task demand, relatively slow moving workers relative to nest size, and strong spatial variation in task demand. To date, specialization has been primarily interpreted with the response threshold concept, which is focused on intrinsic (typically genotypic) differences between workers. Response threshold variation and sampling error due to spatial effects are not mutually exclusive, however, and this study suggests that both contribute to patterns of task bias at the individual level. While spatial effects are strong enough to explain some documented cases of specialization; they are relatively short term and not explanatory for long term cases of specialization. In general, this study suggests that the spatial layout of tasks and fluctuations in their demand must be explicitly controlled for in studies focused on identifying genotypic specialists

Clinical Use and Therapeutic Potential of IVIG/SCIG, Plasma-Derived IgA or IgM, and Other Alternative Immunoglobulin Preparations

Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin preparations, consisting of IgG class antibodies, are increasingly used to treat a broad range of pathological conditions, including humoral immune deficiencies, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. A plethora of Fab- or Fc-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms has been described that might act separately or in concert, depending on pathogenesis or stage of clinical condition. Attempts have been undertaken to improve the efficacy of polyclonal IgG preparations, including the identification of relevant subfractions, mild chemical modification of molecules, or modification of carbohydrate side chains. Furthermore, plasma-derived IgA or IgM preparations may exhibit characteristics that might be exploited therapeutically. The need for improved treatment strategies without increase in plasma demand is a goal and might be achieved by more optimal use of plasma-derived proteins, including the IgA and the IgM fractions. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge and future strategies to improve the efficacy of regular IgG preparations and discusses the potential of human plasma-derived IgA, IgM, and preparations composed of mixtures of IgG, IgA, and IgM