The culture of patriarchy and its effects on the human rights of girl-children in Cagayan de Oro and Claveria, Misamis Oriental: Implications to policy formulation

The Philippines, as a signatory of various international declarations, is one with other countries in instituting programs and policies to protect women and children. Despite this, the effectiveness of these measures cannot be established as patriarchy remains evident in Philippine culture. To study the effects of this culture on the human rights of girl-children in Cagayan de Oro and Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines, this paper examined the factors that affect the kind of life that they live. Data were collected from a comprehensive review of existing literature, in-depth interviews, and case studies of the life stories of the respondents. The study found that poverty has a huge impact on perpetuating a patriarchal mentality. The school, media, church, and family were also identified as key players in transforming the society into having a culture that is safer and more protective of the rights of girl-children. Aside from their partnership and coordination, the review and proper implementation of existing laws and policies are measures geared toward diminishing, and eventually eradicating, the culture of patriarchy in Philippine society

The role of atopy in otitis media with effusion among primary school children: audiological investigation

Objective of this study is to value the role of atopy in otitis media with effusion (OME) in children attending primary school in Western Sicily focusing on the audiological characteristics among atopic and non atopic subjects suffering from OME. 310 children (5-6 years old) were screened by skin tests and divided into atopics (G1) and non atopics (G2). The samples were evaluated for OME by pneumatic otoscopy, tympanogram and acoustic reflex tests. The parameters considered were: documented persistent middle ear effusion by otoscopic examination for a minimum of 3 months; presence of B or C tympanogram; absence of ipsilateral acoustic reflex and a conductive hearing loss greater than 25 dB at any one of the frequencies from 250 Hz through 4 kHz. 56 children (18.06%) resulted atopics while 254 were non atopics. OME was identified in 24 atopic children and in 16 non atopic children for a total number of 40 children; the overall prevalence rate was 12.9% (42.85% for G1 and 6.30% for G2). OME was bilateral in 28 children (70%), with a significative difference between G1 (79.17%) and G2 (56.25%). The prevalence of B tympanogram was 70.59%, corresponding to 79.07% for G1 and 56% for G2. The mean air conduction pure tone was respectively 31.97 dB for G1 and 29.8 dB for G2. The prevalence value of OME in atopics children, also supported by the higher predominance of bilaterality, B tympanogram and hearing loss among this group, could suggest the important role of allergy in the pathogenesis of OME

Migraine headaches among university students using id migraine test as a screening tool

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Migraine is a significant health problem, especially for the young people, due to its frequency and accompanying morbidity, causing disability and loss of performance. In this study, our aim was to determine the prevalence of migraine headaches among university students in Edirne, a Turkish city.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, study population was composed of students registered to Trakya University in the academic year of 2008-2009. Out of these, 3694 of them accepted to participate. Participants who had two or more headaches in the last 3 months formed the headache group. Afterwards, two preliminary questions were applied to the headache group and participants with at least one affirmative response were asked to perform the validated ID-Migraine™ test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean age of 3694 students participated in the study was 19.23 ± 1.84 (17-39 years), with adolescents:adult ratio being 2.5:1. 1613 students (43.7%) did have at least two headaches in the last three months. Migraine-type headache was detected in 266 subjects (7.2%) based on the ID-Migraine™ test. Of the migraine group, 72 were male (27.1%) and 194 were female (72.9%). There was no significant difference in migraine prevalence between adolescent and adult age groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>With a prevalence similar to adults, primary care physicians should be aware of the probability of migraine headaches in university students in order to maintain a successful school performance.</p

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Turkey

Nineteen cases of suspected Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever reported from Turkey

An Unusual Cause of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Purpose In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), disturbances in the circulation of retinal vessels are mostly encountered at the microvascular level. Rarely observed large retinal vessel occlusions frequently affect retinal veins. Methods A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the authors' clinic with sudden loss of vision. Her clinical and ophthalmologic examinations and laboratory tests were carried out and the results were evaluated. Results The patient's history revealed a diagnosis of AIDS established 5 years ago. Her corrected visual acuity was limited to light perception in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. There was afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. Posterior segment examination demonstrated central retinal artery occlusion in the right eye and cotton-wool spots in the left eye. The clinical examination and laboratory test results did not reveal any comorbid disease state that can contribute to this presentation. Conclusions As thrombi may develop in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, they should be closely followed up for the development of vasoocclusive disease. </jats:sec

Nucleation and Growth of Graphene/Mo2c Heterostructures on Cu Through Cvd

We investigated the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of Mo2C/graphene heterostructures on a partially wetted liquid copper surface, studied the morphology of resulting phases using electron and optical microscopy, and determined the rate-limiting step for the growth of Mo2C on graphene. The morphology of the Mo2C crystals varied from the center to the edge of the copper substrate because of the change in the Mo diffusion pathways owing to the variation in the thickness of the Cu substrate. Thin, hexagonal-shaped crystals of Mo2C were found in the central region, where Cu is the thickest. In addition, the growth pressure substantially affects the nucleation and growth kinetics of both Mo2C and graphene. At high pressures (750 Torr), the graphene layer fully covered the Cu surface and Mo2C crystals formed with a regular shape, while at low pressures (5 Torr), the nucleation of both domains was suppressed, leading to the evolution of Mo2C crystals with irregular shapes. The activation energy for the growth of Mo2C on graphene was calculated to be 3.76 +/- 0.3 eV, and the diffusion of Mo to the Cu surface through uncovered Cu or graphene vacancies/defects was determined to be the rate-limiting step.Air Force Office of ScientificResearch, Grant/Award Number: FA9550-19-1-7048Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchUnited States Department of DefenseAir Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-19-1-7048

Qualıty assessment of prımary care guıdelınes ın turkey

Introduction: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. The Ministry of Health published 67 primary care guidelines in 2003. Considering the expected effect of CPGs on clinical practice, we could assume that the quality of such guidelines would have an effect on the quality of health care practice. However, there is only very limited knowledge available regarding evidence based practice in Turkey and no known study related to the published CPGs, their use or their quality. In this study, we assessed the quality of existing primary care CPGs, by using "The Appraisal of Guidelines Research & Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument". Methods: 14 guidelines were selected based on the top ten conditions in "The Burden of Disease Study" of 2004. The AGREE Instrument was translated into Turkish. The quality of the guidelines was assessed by 4 appraisers. Results: The mean rating scores of the domains, based on the AGREE Instrument were; Scope and purpose: 87.9%, stakeholder involvement: 62.2%, rigour of development: 51.2%, clarity and presentation: 66.4%, applicability: 57.2% and editorial independency: 54.5%. 6 guidelines out of 14 were recommended by all the appraisers, whereas 8 were not recommended at least by one of the appraisers. Conclusions: This is the first study of appraising quality of published guidelines in Turkey. This study is valuable for indicating the quality of current published guidelines and adds to the limited amount of knowledge in Turkey about how to improve guidelines

Investigation of atypical bacteria and virus antigens in respiratory tract infections by use of an immunofluorescence method

WOS: 000221138100001PubMed: 15118204In this study an immunofluorescence (IF) method was used to investigate the antigens of viruses and atypical bacteria in respiratory tract infections (RTI) in pediatric and adult age groups. In this prospective study of 2 years (1998 - 2000), IF was used to investigate the antigens of 7 viral and 3 atypical bacteria to be used for the etiological diagnosis of RTI. Sputum (33.6%) and nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were obtained from pediatric patients (Group I, 76 cases) and adults (Group II, 135 cases) with RTI symptoms. Antigen detection rates were found to be 44.7% in Group I and 67.4% in Group II (P 0.05); Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 0 and 9.6% (P 0.05); respiratory syncytial virus, 9.2 and 1.5% (P 0.05); and influenza B virus, 1.3 and 1.5% (P > 0.05). Mixed agents were found at a rate of 2.6 and 3.7% (P > 0.05) in Groups I and II, respectively. Parainfluenza virus type 3 and Legionella pneumophila antigens were not found. Since detecting etiological agents provides an important guide for determining the most appropriate antibiotic therapy, this IF method could be applied in clinical practice for arriving at a correct diagnosis and administration of effective treatment