Nuclear DNA contents, rDNAs, and karyotype evolution in subgenus Vicia: III. The heterogeneous section Hypechusa.

Abstract: Nuclear DNA contents, automated karyotype analyses, and sequences of internal transcribed spacers from ribosomal genes have been determined in the species belonging to section Hypechusa of the sub-genus Vicia. Karyomorphological results and phylogenetic data generated from the comparison of rDNA ( genes coding for rRNA) sequences showed that sect. Hypechusa is not monophyletic; however, some monophyletic units are apparent ( one including Vicia galeata, V. hyrcanica, V. noeana, and V. tigridis, another including V. assyriaca, V. hybrida, V. melanops, V. mollis, and V. sericocarpa), which partly correspond to morphology-based infrasectional groups. The relationships among these species and the species in sections Faba, Narbonensis, Bithynicae, and Peregrinae have been also investigated. Nuclear DNA contents, automated karyotype analyses, and sequences of internal transcribed spacers from ribosomal genes have been determined in the species belonging to section Hypechusa of the subgenus Vicia. Karyomorphological results and phylogenetic data generated from the comparison of rDNA (genes coding for rRNA) sequences showed that sect. Hypechusa is not monophyletic; however, some monophyletic units are apparent (one including Vicia galeata, V. hyrcanica, V. noeana, and V. tigridis, another including V. assyriaca, V. hybrida, V. melanops, V. mollis, and V. sericocarpa), which partly correspond to morphology-based infrasectional groups. The relationships among these species and the species in sections Faba, Narbonensis, Bithynicae, and Peregrinae have been also investigated

Inverted Oscillator

The inverted harmonic oscillator problem is investigated quantum mechanically. The exact wave function for the confined inverted oscillator is obtained and it is shown that the associated energy eigenvalues are discrete and it is given as a linear function of the quantum number $n$.Comment: 4 page

A general condition of inflationary cosmology on trans-Planckian physics

We consider a more general initial condition satisfying the minimal uncertainty relationship. We calculate the power spectrum of a simple model in inflationary cosmology. The results depend on perturbations generated below a fundamental scale, e.g. the Planck scale.Comment: 7 pages, References adde

Higher Derivative Corrections to R-charged Black Holes: Boundary Counterterms and the Mass-Charge Relation

We carry out the holographic renormalization of Einstein-Maxwell theory with curvature-squared corrections. In particular, we demonstrate how to construct the generalized Gibbons-Hawking surface term needed to ensure a perturbatively well-defined variational principle. This treatment ensures the absence of ghost degrees of freedom at the linearized perturbative order in the higher-derivative corrections. We use the holographically renormalized action to study the thermodynamics of R-charged black holes with higher derivatives and to investigate their mass to charge ratio in the extremal limit. In five dimensions, there seems to be a connection between the sign of the higher derivative couplings required to satisfy the weak gravity conjecture and that violating the shear viscosity to entropy bound. This is in turn related to possible constraints on the central charges of the dual CFT, in particular to the sign of c-a.Comment: 30 pages. v2: references added, some equations simplifie

Spatially homogeneous Lifshitz black holes in five dimensional higher derivative gravity

We consider spatially homogeneous Lifshitz black hole solutions in five dimensional higher derivative gravity theories, which can be possible near horizon geometries of some systems that are interesting in the framework of gauge/gravity duality. We show the solutions belonging to the nine Bianchi classes in the pure R^2 gravity. We find that these black holes have zero entropy at non-zero temperatures and this property is the same as the case of BTZ black holes in new massive gravity at the critical point. In the most general quadratic curvature gravity theories, we find new solutions in Bianchi Type I and Type IX cases.Comment: 15 pages, no figure; v2, refs added, version to appear in JHE

Viscosity Bound and Causality in Superfluid Plasma

It was argued by Brigante et.al that the lower bound on the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density in strongly coupled plasma is translated into microcausality violation in the dual gravitational description. Since transport properties of the system characterize its infrared dynamics, while the causality of the theory is determined by its ultraviolet behavior, the viscosity bound/microcausality link should not be applicable to theories that undergo low temperature phase transitions. We present an explicit model of AdS/CFT correspondence that confirms this fact.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures. References added, typos fixe

Randomised clinical trial: alosetron improves quality of life and reduces restriction of daily activities in women with severe diarrhoea-predominant IBS

Background: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) experience restriction in daily activities and decreased health-related quality of life (QOL). Aim To investigate effects of alosetron on patient-reported health-related QOL, satisfaction and productivity in women with severe IBS-D. Methods: A total of 705 women (severe IBS-D, Rome II criteria) randomised to alosetron 0.5 mg QD, 1 mg QD, 1 mg BID, or placebo for 12 weeks were studied. IBSQOL, treatment satisfaction, daily activities, and lost workplace productivity (LWP) were evaluated at randomisation and Week 12. Results: One or more doses of alosetron significantly improved all IBSQOL domains except for sexual function from baseline vs. placebo. The magnitude of IBSQOL changes was consistent with a clinically meaningful effect. Alosetron 0.5 mg QD and 1 mg BID significantly reduced IBS interference with social/leisure activities and LWP from baseline vs. placebo [social/leisure (mean ±S.E.) days lost: −6.7 ± 0.8, −7.0 ± 0.9, P < 0.01; LWP (mean ± S.E.) h lost: −11.0 ± 3.3, −21.1 ± 4.1, P < 0.05 respectively]. Significantly more patients treated with alosetron reported satisfaction vs. placebo. Improvements in IBSQOL, LWP, and treatment satisfaction significantly correlated with global improvement of IBS symptoms. The incidence of adverse events with alosetron was low with constipation being the most commonly reported event. A single case of ischaemic colitis occurred, in a patient receiving alosetron 0.5 mg QD. Conclusions: In women with severe IBS-D, alosetron treatment, including 0.5 mg QD, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in health-related QOL, restriction of daily activities and treatment satisfaction over placebo. IBS symptom improvement corresponded with positive changes in IBSQOL, LWP and treatment satisfaction

Modulated Instability in Five-Dimensional U(1) Charged AdS Black Hole with R**2-term

We study the effect of R**2 term to the modulated instability in the U(1) charged black hole in five-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space-time. We consider the first-order corrections of R**2 term to the background and the linear order perturbations in the equations of motion. From the analysis, we clarify the effect of R**2 term in the modulated instability, and conclude that fluctuations are stable in the whole bulk in the range of values the coefficient of R**2 term can take.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figures; (v4) Published version in JHE

Generating Temperature Flow for eta/s with Higher Derivatives: From Lifshitz to AdS

We consider charged dilatonic black branes in AdS_5 and examine the effects of perturbative higher derivative corrections on the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density eta/s of the dual plasma. The structure of eta/s is controlled by the relative hierarchy between the two scales in the plasma, the temperature and the chemical potential. In this model the background near-horizon geometry interpolates between a Lifshitz-like brane at low temperature, and an AdS brane at high temperatures -- with AdS asymptotics in both cases. As a result, in this construction the viscosity to entropy ratio flows as a function of temperature, from a value in the IR which is sensitive to the dynamical exponent z, to the simple result expected for an AdS brane in the UV. Coupling the scalar directly to the higher derivative terms generates additional temperature dependence, and leads to a particularly interesting structure for eta/s in the IR.Comment: Plots and references added. Journal version of the pape

The Weak Gravity Conjecture and the Viscosity Bound with Six-Derivative Corrections

The weak gravity conjecture and the shear viscosity to entropy density bound place constraints on low energy effective field theories that may help to distinguish which theories can be UV completed. Recently, there have been suggestions of a possible correlation between the two constraints. In some interesting cases, the behavior was precisely such that the conjectures were mutually exclusive. Motivated by these works, we study the mass to charge and shear viscosity to entropy density ratios for charged AdS5 black branes, which are holographically dual to four-dimensional CFTs at finite temperature. We study a family of four-derivative and six-derivative perturbative corrections to these backgrounds. We identify the region in parameter space where the two constraints are satisfied and in particular find that the inclusion of the next-to-leading perturbative correction introduces wider possibilities for the satisfaction of both constraints.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, v2: published version, refs added, minor clarificatio