MIGRATION AND RETURN MIGRATION: A NEW LOOK AT THE EASTERN KENTUCKY MIGRATION STREAM

Labor and Human Capital,

THE DETERMINANTS OF WAGE INCREASES IN NEW MANUFACTURING PLANTS IN RURAL AREAS

Labor and Human Capital,

LOCATION DETERMINANTS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN RURAL AREAS

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Contour measurement system

A measurement system for measuring the departures from a straight line of discrete track sections of a track along a coal face in a mine employing a vehicle having a pair of spaced wheel assemblies which align with the track is presented. A reference arm pivotally connects between the wheel assemblies, and there is indicating means for measuring the angle of pivot between the arm and each of the wheel assemblies. The length of the device is less than the length of a track section, and thus when one of the wheel assemblies is on one track section and one is on an adjoining track section, the sum of the indicated angles will be indicative of the angle between track sections. Thus, from the length of a track section and angle, the departure of each track section from the line may be calculated

Migration and return migration: A new look at the Eastern Kentucky migration stream

Most studies of the economics of migration have implicitly assumed that migratory streams are homogeneous. However, migratory streams from one region to another consist of two distinct streams: a stream of first-time migrants and a stream of return migrants moving back to their area of origin. In fact, a substantial proportion of all U.S. migration is return migration, 14 percent from 1955 to 1960 [15,p. 3]. Moreover, in states with histories of substantial out-migration, an even greater proportion of in-migrants are returnees, 35 .4 percent between 1955 and 1960. Yet, economists have largely ignored return migration in their attempts to explain changes in the labor force. Studies of return migration may have several important implications. If first-time migrants and return migrants have different characteristics, then studies which distinguish the two streams may provide more reliable insights into the determinants of migration. Comparison of the characteristics of return migrants with migrants who remain may provide guidance for the design of programs to facilitate successful migration. Knowledge of the causes and characteristics of return migration may provide additional understanding of the effects of migration on the communities of origin and destination

Entry in the ADHD drugs market: Welfare impact of generics and me-toos

Recent decades have seen a growth in treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) including many branded and generic drugs. In the early 2000's, new drug entry dramatically altered market shares. We estimate a demand system for ADHD drugs and assess the welfare impact of new drugs. We find that entry induced large welfare gains by reducing prices of substitute drugs, and by providing alternative delivery mechanisms for existing molecules. Our results suggest that the success of follow-on patented drugs may come from unanticipated innovations like delivery mechanisms, a factor ignored by proposals to retard new follow-on drug approvals

The demand for sports and exercise: Results from an illustrative survey

Funding from the Department of Health policy research programme was used in this study.There is a paucity of empirical evidence on the extent to which price and perceived benefits affect the level of participation in sports and exercise. Using an illustrative sample of 60 adults at Brunel University, West London, we investigate the determinants of demand for sports and exercise. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews that covered indicators of sports and exercise behaviour; money/time price and perceived benefits of participation; and socio- economic/demographic details. Count, linear and probit regression models were fitted as appropriate. Seventy eight per cent of the sample participated in sports and exercise and spent an average of £27 per month and an average of 20 min travelling per occasion of sports and exercise. The demand for sport and exercise was negatively associated with time (travel or access time) and ‘variable’ price and positively correlated with ‘fixed’ price. Demand was price inelastic, except in the case of meeting the UK government’s recommended level of participation, which is time price elastic (elasticity = −2.2). The implications of data from a larger nationally representative sample as well as the role of economic incentives in influencing uptake of sports and exercise are discussed.This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund

The determinants of wage increases in new manufacturing plants in rural areas

The research reported here was designed to explain variation in wage changes of new industrial plant employees. Following the theoretical perspectives of Gotsch, wage changes were hypothesized to result from a combination of employee household, community, and plant characteristics. The greatest difficulty in this study was choosing appropriate operational measures for independent variables that were highly correlated with these theoretical factors.Southern journal of agricultural economics, July 1981, p. 84-88Includes bibliographical reference

Why does the Engel method work? Food demand, economies of size and household survey methods

Estimates of household size economies are needed for the analysis of poverty and inequality. This paper shows that Engel estimates of size economies are large when household expenditures are obtained by respondent recall but small when expenditures are obtained by daily recording in diaries. Expenditure estimates from recall surveys appear to have measurement errors correlated with household size. As well as demonstrating the fragility of Engel estimates of size economies, these results help resolve a puzzle raised by Deaton and Paxson (1998) about differences between rich and poor countries in the effect of household size on food demand

Location determinants of manufacturing industry in rural areas

The spatial distribution of economic activity has been the subject of much theoretical study during the last 150 years. The two-state study which provides primary evidence for this article is, to the authors' knowledge, the first attempt to analyze statistically the determinants of industrial location in rural communities with an explicit objective of more enlightened public action at the local, state, and federal levels