Evaluation of a Hybrid Boltzmann-Continuum Method for High Speed Nonequilibrium Flows

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83556/1/AIAA-2010-1569-683.pd

Romosozumab in postmenopausal Korean women with osteoporosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study

Background: This phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 6-month treatment with romosozumab in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: Sixty-seven postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (bone mineral density [BMD] T-scores ≤-2.5 at the lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck) were randomized (1:1) to receive monthly subcutaneous injections of romosozumab (210 mg; n=34) or placebo (n=33) for 6 months. Results: At month 6, the difference in the least square (LS) mean percent change from baseline in lumbar spine BMD (primary efficacy endpoint) between the romosozumab (9.5%) and placebo (-0.1%) groups was significant (9.6%; 95% confidence interval, 7.6 to 11.5; P<0.001). The difference in the LS mean percent change from baseline was also significant for total hip and femoral neck BMD (secondary efficacy endpoints). After treatment with romosozumab, the percent change from baseline in procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide transiently increased at months 1 and 3, while that in C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen showed a sustained decrease. No events of cancer, hypocalcemia, injection site reaction, positively adjudicated atypical femoral fracture or osteonecrosis of the jaw, or positively adjudicated serious cardiovascular adverse events were observed. At month 9, 17.6% and 2.9% of patients in the romosozumab group developed binding and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Conclusion: Treatment with romosozumab for 6 months was well tolerated and significantly increased lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck BMD compared with placebo in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02791516)

Real-time digital simulation of switching power circuits

grantor: University of TorontoSophisticated power electronic apparatus and their digital control systems are finding increasing applications in electric power systems at generation, transmission, distribution and utilization levels. It is essential to carry out rigorous performance evaluation of the power electronic equipment and their digital controllers prior to their commissioning on the host power system. The current trend to achieve that goal is to interface a real-time digital simulator representing the power electronic apparatus and the host power system with the digital controller. This thesis addresses the issue of synchronization between the output signals of the digital controller for firing power electronic switches and the discrete time-step of the real-time simulator. It is shown that lack of such synchronization can lead to severe inaccuracies in the simulation results. A novel real-time simulation algorithm is proposed for accounting incoming switching events in fixed step-size digital simulation. This algorithm relies on the registration of the timing of the switching events and a subsequent correction procedure to calculate the system state. Off-line time domain simulations of a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) system demonstrate a ten-fold improvement in accuracy of the proposed algorithm over the fixed step-size algorithm using the same step-size. Practical feasibility of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by implementation on a digital computing platform comprising of a DSP and a FPGA. The hardware and software design process follows a modular approach which makes it amenable for implementation on next generation processors. A 5kVA experimental set-up of the PWM VSC system is used to verify the results of the real-time simulation.Ph.D

Real-time digital simulation of switching power circuits

grantor: University of TorontoSophisticated power electronic apparatus and their digital control systems are finding increasing applications in electric power systems at generation, transmission, distribution and utilization levels. It is essential to carry out rigorous performance evaluation of the power electronic equipment and their digital controllers prior to their commissioning on the host power system. The current trend to achieve that goal is to interface a real-time digital simulator representing the power electronic apparatus and the host power system with the digital controller. This thesis addresses the issue of synchronization between the output signals of the digital controller for firing power electronic switches and the discrete time-step of the real-time simulator. It is shown that lack of such synchronization can lead to severe inaccuracies in the simulation results. A novel real-time simulation algorithm is proposed for accounting incoming switching events in fixed step-size digital simulation. This algorithm relies on the registration of the timing of the switching events and a subsequent correction procedure to calculate the system state. Off-line time domain simulations of a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) system demonstrate a ten-fold improvement in accuracy of the proposed algorithm over the fixed step-size algorithm using the same step-size. Practical feasibility of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by implementation on a digital computing platform comprising of a DSP and a FPGA. The hardware and software design process follows a modular approach which makes it amenable for implementation on next generation processors. A 5kVA experimental set-up of the PWM VSC system is used to verify the results of the real-time simulation.Ph.D