Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein–Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also knownasPD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies

Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics (http://cbioportal.org) provides a Web resource for exploring, visualizing, and analyzing multidimensional cancer genomics data. The portal reduces molecular profiling data from cancer tissues and cell lines into readily understandable genetic, epigenetic, gene expression, and proteomic events. The query interface combined with customized data storage enables researchers to interactively explore genetic alterations across samples, genes, and pathways and, when available in the underlying data, to link these to clinical outcomes. The portal provides graphical summaries of gene-level data from multiple platforms, network visualization and analysis, survival analysis, patient-centric queries, and software programmatic access. The intuitive Web interface of the portal makes complex cancer genomics profiles accessible to researchers and clinicians without requiring bioinformatics expertise, thus facilitating biological discoveries. Here, we provide a practical guide to the analysis and visualization features of the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics

Entwicklung von chlor- und schadstofffreien Beschichtungssystemen zwecks Abloesung der PVC- und Chlorkautschuklacke im Korrosionsschutz, loesemittelhaltige, vorzugsweise wasserverduennbar Schlussbericht

In order to achieve an efficient protection against corrosion within an aggressive environment, PVC-containing copolymers combined with heavy metals and aromatic solvents are still being applied. Object of the research work was the development of coating free from PVC and polluants, which should be water dilutable and free from aromatic regarding solvent-containing formulations. Furthermore, the possibility of reprocessing (recycling) the overspray at spray application was investigated. All above mentioned issues have been concluded succesfully. Our environment should experience a relieve of polluants on a large scale, if all achieved results would be realized. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F97B1032+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Weiterentwicklung von Verfahren und Methoden der Zustandsanalyse von kontaminiertem Untergrund anhand grossskaliger Versuche unter Nutzung der komplexen Widerstandstomographie Abschlussbericht

This final report summarizes the results of the whole research project. The main objective of the project was to develop and test a combined geophysical hydraulic monitoring technique. A 3D diesel oil contamination of an homogeneous model aquifer was monitored over a time period of 12 month. The experiment was carried out at the VEGAS-research facility of the University of Stuttgart. Slices of the water saturation distribution were estimated for different experimental stages based on complex electrical resistivity tomography. Additional point information of water saturation were registered by time domain reflectrometry. The vertical fluid distribution was derived from measurements of fluid phase layers in different monitoring wells. By means of laboratory tests scaling parameters for the different measuring techniques were determined using samples of the original aquifer material. Finally undisturbed soil samples with the original fluid phase content were taken using a sampling technique based on in situ soil freezing. The overlay of the water saturation distribution from resistivity tomography with the air distribution estimated from fluid layer measurement in the wells allowed the estimation of the diesel saturation distribution of 2D slices. Based on the developed combined monitoring technique a conception for the assessment of real NAPL contaminated sites was derived. (orig.)Im vorliegenden Bericht werden die Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ueber einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten wurde das Verhalten einer 3D-Dieseloelkontamination im Rahmen eines Experimentes zur kombinierten geophysikalisch-hydraulischen Zustandsbewertung in einem Versuchsbehaelter an der Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung messtechnisch erfasst. Auf der Grundlage der komplexen elektrischen Widerstandstomographie wurde die Wassersaettigungsverteilung fuer verschiedene Versuchsstufen zerstoerungsfrei abgeschaetzt. Zusaetzlich lieferte das Messsystem time domain reflectrometry (TDR) punktuelle Informationen ueber die Wassersaettigung. Aus Fluidstandsmessungen in Grundwassermessstellen wurde die vertikale Fluidverteilung im Messstellenumfeld abgeleitet. Die Skalierungs-und Eichparameter der Einzelmessverfahren wurden mit Hilfe von Labortests an Probenmaterial gewonnen. Abschliessend erfolgte eine phasenvolumenerhaltende Probenahme unter Verwendung eines im Projektrahmen entwickelten in situ Frostprobenahmesystems. Die Ueberlagerung der Wassersaettigungsverteilung aus der elektrischen Widerstandstomographie mit der aus den Pegelfluidstandsmessungen abgeleiteten Luftsaettigungsverteilung ermoeglichte die raeumlich-differenzierte Dieselsaettigungsabschaetzung in einer 2D-Schnittebene. Abschliessend erfolgte in Anlehnung an die Saechsische Altlastenmethodik (SALM) auf der Grundlage des entwickelten kombinierten Monitoringverfahrens die Ableitung einer Nutzungskonzeption zur Bewertung realer NAPL-Schadenfaelle. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F00B415+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman