Estratégias de comercialização do feijão no Rio Grande do Sul.

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Recurrent De Novo NAHR Reciprocal Duplications in the ATAD3 Gene Cluster Cause a Neurogenetic Trait with Perturbed Cholesterol and Mitochondrial Metabolism.

Recent studies have identified both recessive and dominant forms of mitochondrial disease that result from ATAD3A variants. The recessive form includes subjects with biallelic deletions mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination. We report five unrelated neonates with a lethal metabolic disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, corneal opacities, encephalopathy, hypotonia, and seizures in whom a monoallelic reciprocal duplication at the ATAD3 locus was identified. Analysis of the breakpoint junction fragment indicated that these 67 kb heterozygous duplications were likely mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination at regions of high sequence identity in ATAD3A exon 11 and ATAD3C exon 7. At the recombinant junction, the duplication allele produces a fusion gene derived from ATAD3A and ATAD3C, the protein product of which lacks key functional residues. Analysis of fibroblasts derived from two affected individuals shows that the fusion gene product is expressed and stable. These cells display perturbed cholesterol and mitochondrial DNA organization similar to that observed for individuals with severe ATAD3A deficiency. We hypothesize that the fusion protein acts through a dominant-negative mechanism to cause this fatal mitochondrial disorder. Our data delineate a molecular diagnosis for this disorder, extend the clinical spectrum associated with structural variation at the ATAD3 locus, and identify a third mutational mechanism for ATAD3 gene cluster variants. These results further affirm structural variant mutagenesis mechanisms in sporadic disease traits, emphasize the importance of copy number analysis in molecular genomic diagnosis, and highlight some of the challenges of detecting and interpreting clinically relevant rare gene rearrangements from next-generation sequencing data

Competitive ability of canola hybrids resistant and susceptible to herbicides.

ABSTRACT - This work aimed to compare the competitive ability of canola hybrids susceptible (conventional) or resistant to triazine or imidazolinone group herbicides, with turnip. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The hybrids Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinone), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazine), and Hyola 61 (conventional) were used. The treatments consisted of ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) of canola and turnip plants. The evaluation was performed 44 days after emergence, determining the leaf área (AF), dry matter of aerial part (MSPA), and stature (EST) of the plants. The competitiveness analysis was performed through diagrams and interpretation of the competitiveness indexes. For the canola hybrids, the competition occurred by the same mean resources. There was damage to the crop growth in competition with the turnip. The turnip was not benefited only when in competition with Hyola 571CL hybrid, for the EST variable, and with the conventional canola, for the variable AF. There was significance for the competitiveness indexes, demonstrating that turnip is more competitive then the crop. Greater AF, MSPA, and EST occurred for canola plants in the smallest proportions of turnip and, for turnip plants, in the largest proportions of canola. The ability to compete with turnip is similar among hybrids, with injury to the crop and benefit to the weed, when competing. Interspecific competition is more damaging to canola hybrids; and intraspecific competition is more damaging to turnip. Keywords: Brassica napus L., Raphanus sativus L., interference, competitiveness. RESUMO - Este trabalho objetivou comparar a habilidade competitiva de híbridos de canola, suscetível (convencional) ou com resistência aos herbicidas do grupo das triazinas ou das imidazolinonas, com o nabo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Foram utilizados os híbridos Hyola 571CL (resistente a imidazolinonas), Hyola 555TT (resistente a triazinas) e Hyola 61 (convencional). Os tratamentos consistiram de proporções (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) de plantas de canola e do nabo. A avaliação foi realizada aos 44 dias após a emergência, determinando-se a área foliar (AF), matéria seca de parte aérea (MSPA) e estatura (EST) de plantas. A análise da competitividade foi feita por meio de diagramas e interpretação dos índices de competitividade. Para os híbridos de canola, a competição ocorreu pelos mesmos recursos do meio. Houve prejuízo ao crescimento da cultura em competição com o nabo. O nabo somente não foi beneficiado quando em competição com o híbrido Hyola 571CL, para a variável EST, e com a canola convencional, para a variável AF. Houve significância para os índices de competitividade, demonstrando que o nabo é mais competitivo que a cultura. Maior AF, MSPA e EST ocorreu para plantas de canola nas menores proporções de nabo e, para plantas de nabo, nas maiores proporções de canola. A habilidade em competir com o nabo é semelhante entre os híbridos, havendo prejuízo à cultura e benefício à planta daninha, quando em competição. A competição interespecífica é mais prejudicial para os híbridos de canola, e a competição intraespecífica, para o nabo. Palavras-chave: Brassica napus L., Raphanus sativus L., interferência, competitividade

Investigação dos casos de doenças febris exantemáticas com IgM reagente contra o sarampo na ausência de transmissão documentada do vírus do sarampo, Estado de São Paulo, 2000-2004

Introdução: Revisar os casos de doenças febris exantemáticas com IgM reagente contra o sarampo, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante os cinco anos seguidos a interrupção da transmissão do vírus do sarampo. Métodos: Nós revisamos 463 casos de doenças febris exantemáticas com IgM reagente contra o sarampo, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, de 2000 a 2004. Indivíduos vacinados contra o sarampo 56 dias antes da coleta de amostra foram considerados expostos à vacina. Soros da fase aguda e de convalescença foram testados para a evidência de infecção de sarampo, rubéola, parvovírus B19 e herpes vírus 6. Na ausência de soroconversão para imunoglobulina G contra o sarampo, casos com IgM reagente contra o sarampo foram considerados falsos positivos em pessoas com evidência de outras infecções virais. Resultados: Entre as 463 pessoas com doenças febris exantemáticas que testaram positivo para anticorpos IgM contra o sarampo durante o período, 297 (64 por cento) pessoas foram classificadas como expostas à vacina. Entre os 166 casos não expostos à vacina, 109 (66 por cento) foram considerados falsos positivos baseado na ausência de soroconversão, dos quais 21 (13 por cento) tiveram evidência de infecção por vírus da rubéola, 49 (30 por cento) parvovírus B19 e 28 (17 por cento) infecção por herpes vírus humano 6. Conclusões: Após a interrupção da transmissão do vírus do sarampo é necessária exaustiva investigação dos casos com IgM reagente contra o sarampo, especialmente dos casos não expostos à vacina. Testes laboratoriais para etiologias das doenças febris exantemáticas ajudam na interpretação destes casosIntroduction: To review measles IgM-positive cases of febrile rash illnesses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, over the five-year period following interruption of measles virus transmission. Methods: We reviewed 463 measles IgM-positive cases of febrile rash illness in the state of São Paulo, from 2000 to 2004. Individuals vaccinated against measles ≤ 56 days prior to specimen collection were considered to be exposed to the vaccine. Serum from the acute and convalescent phases was tested for evidence of measles, rubella, parvovirus B19 and human herpes virus-6 infection. In the absence of seroconversion to measles immunoglobulin-G, measles IgM-positive cases were considered false positives in individuals with evidence of other viral infections. Results: Among the 463 individuals with febrile rash illness who tested positive for measles IgM antibodies during the period, 297 (64 per cent) were classified as exposed to the vaccine. Among the 166 cases that were not exposed to the vaccine, 109 (66 per cent) were considered false positives based on the absence of seroconversion, among which 21 (13 per cent) had evidence of rubella virus infection, 49 (30 per cent) parvovirus B19 and 28 (17 per cent) human herpes virus-6 infection. Conclusions: Following the interruption of measles virus transmission, thorough investigation of measles IgM-positive cases is required, especially among cases not exposed to the vaccine. Laboratory testing for etiologies of febrile rash illness aids interpretation of these case

Assessing the risk of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 outbreaks in Ecuadorian banana crops using spatial climatic data

The Musaceae family is susceptible to Fusarium wilt (Fw), which is considered the most important disease globally, caused by a group of Fusarium species that includes F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4). Until recently, FocTR4 was not present in Latin America. However, wilting, chlorosis of leaves, and vascular discoloration (typical symptoms of Fw) were observed in at least a hundred Cavendish plants located in Colombia, Peru and Venezuela in 2019, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Normally, the disease is more severe throughout the warmer and rainy months of the year. Since Ecuador is the world's leading exporter of bananas, including plantains, this study aimed to identify agroclimatic favorability zones for FocTR4 potential incidence in the country, testing linear models to evaluate disease occurrence in relation to climatic conditions and map favorability zones. Most of the banana-producing provinces, including Guayas, Los Ríos, El Oro, Manabí, Santa Elena, and Esmeraldas, presented an estimate ranging from medium-low to very high. In Guayas and Los Rios, the agroclimatic favorability zones of the main Ecuadorian producer provinces for a very high-risk account for almost 50%. This information can help make preventive management decisions in zones with a greater risk of spreading FocTR4

Indicações de uso e boas práticas de manejo da tecnologia Clearfield em canola para as regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste.

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The Pharmacological Effect Of Bothrops Neuwiedii Pauloensis (jararaca-pintada) Snake Venom On Avian Neuromuscular Transmission.

The neuromuscular effects of Bothrops neuwiedii pauloensis (jararaca-pintada) venom were studied on isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparations. Venom concentrations of 5-50 micro g/ml produced an initial inhibition and a secondary increase of indirectly evoked twitches followed by a progressive concentration-dependent and irreversible neuromuscular blockade. At venom concentrations of 1-20 micro g/ml, the responses to 13.4 mM KCl were inhibited whereas those to 110 micro M acetylcholine alone and cumulative concentrations of 1 micro M to 10 mM were unaffected. At venom concentrations higher than 50 micro g/ml, there was pronounced muscle contracture with inhibition of the responses to acetylcholine, KCl and direct stimulation. At 20-24 degrees C, the venom (50 g/ml) produced only partial neuromuscular blockade (30.7 +/- 8.0%, N = 3) after 120 min and the initial inhibition and the secondary increase of the twitch responses caused by the venom were prolonged and pronounced and the response to KCl was unchanged. These results indicate that B.n. pauloensis venom is neurotoxic, acting primarily at presynaptic sites, and that enzyme activity may be involved in this pharmacological action.36617-2

Isolated specific IgA against respiratory viruses, Influenza or SARS-CoV-2, present in the saliva of a fraction of healthy and asymptomatic volunteers

Objectives: Defense against respiratory viruses depends on an immune response present in the mucosa, as saliva IgA secretes antibodies. During the pandemic, such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2, most infected patients are asymptomatic but retain specific antibodies post-infection. The authors evaluated IgG and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in the saliva of asymptomatic volunteers, validated with controls or vaccinated individuals. Methods: The authors detected specific antibodies by validated conventional ELISA using natural SARS-CoV-2 antigens from infected Vero cells or capture-ELISA for influenza using natural antigens of the influenza vaccine. Results: Saliva from influenza-vaccinated individuals had more IgA than paired serum, contrary to the findings for specific IgG. In COVID-19-vaccinated samples, specific IgA in saliva increased after vaccination, but IgG levels were high after the first dose. In saliva from the asymptomatic population (226), anti-Influenza IgG was found in 57.5% (130) of samples, higher than IgA, found in 35% (79) of samples. IgA results were similar for SARS-CoV-2, with IgA present in 30% (68) of samples, while IgG was less present, in 44.2% (100) of samples. The proportion of influenza IgG responders was higher than that for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but both populations presented similar proportions of IgA responders, possibly due to variable memory B cell survival. For both viruses, the authors found an important proportion (> 10%) of IgA+IgG- samples, suggesting the occurrence of humoral immunity directed to the mucosa. Conclusion: Specific antibodies for respiratory viruses in saliva are found in either infection or vaccination and are a convenient and sensitive diagnostic tool for host immune response

Cultura alimentar associada às plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC): uso e preparo por agricultores familiares agroecológicos ou em transição agroambiental.

A fim de resgatar e valorizar o conhecimento sobre a agrobiodiversidade que integra os espaços rurais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as formas de uso e preparo de plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) conhecidas e/ou utilizadas por agricultores familiares agroecológicos ou em transição agroambiental, no sul do Brasil. Foram selecionadas 14 famílias no município de São Lourenço do Sul, RS, e realizadas entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro semiestruturado. Após a análise dos dados, foram estabelecidas categorias para os modos de uso e preparo das PANC. Foi constatado um amplo conhecimento, destacando-se o consumo in natura, seguido do processamento em geleia e schmier (doce em pasta). Muitas espécies ainda são subutilizadas, porém, a gradativa valorização das PANC, especialmente pelo público consumidor e pesquisadores, tem resultado em crescente interesse por parte dos (as) agricultores (as) para consumo e comércio nas feiras livres.Edição dos Anais do XI Congresso Brasileiro de Agroecologia, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 2019. Ecologia de Saberes: Ciência, Cultura e Arte na Democratização dos Sistemas Agroalimentares