Effect of packing on nasal mucosa of sheep

The effects of packing with ribbon gauze and neuropatties on the nasal mucosa was assessed using sheep as an animal model. Fourteen sheep either underwent ribbon gauze or neuropattie nasal packing. Trauma to nasal mucosa caused by ribbon gauze and neuropatties was compared to mucosa on the lateral aspect of the middle turbinate which was not in contact with any packing. This tissue was used as a control. Ribbon gauze packing resulted in significant loss of 68 per cent of the ciliated surface of the mucosa when compared with the control group with a 15 per cent loss of ciliated surface (p < 0.005). Neuropattie packing also resulted in significant loss of 50 per cent of the ciliated surface of the mucosa when compared with the control group (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in loss of ciliated mucosa in the specimens packed with ribbon gauze or neuropatties (p = 0.25). Nasal packing results in a significant mucosal injury with loss of cilia. This may influence the mucociliary clearance of the nose in the post-operative healing phase. Pre-operative nasal packing should be used circumspectly and if possible avoided.Chi-kee Leslie Shaw, Robert B. Dymock, Allison Cowin and Peter-John Wormal

Spin states of asteroids in the Eos collisional family

Eos family was created during a catastrophic impact about 1.3 Gyr ago. Rotation states of individual family members contain information about the history of the whole population. We aim to increase the number of asteroid shape models and rotation states within the Eos collision family, as well as to revise previously published shape models from the literature. Such results can be used to constrain theoretical collisional and evolution models of the family, or to estimate other physical parameters by a thermophysical modeling of the thermal infrared data. We use all available disk-integrated optical data (i.e., classical dense-in-time photometry obtained from public databases and through a large collaboration network as well as sparse-in-time individual measurements from a few sky surveys) as input for the convex inversion method, and derive 3D shape models of asteroids together with their rotation periods and orientations of rotation axes. We present updated shape models for 15 asteroids and new shape model determinations for 16 asteroids. Together with the already published models from the publicly available DAMIT database, we compiled a sample of 56 Eos family members with known shape models that we used in our analysis of physical properties within the family. Rotation states of asteroids smaller than ~20 km are heavily influenced by the YORP effect, whilst the large objects more or less retained their rotation state properties since the family creation. Moreover, we also present a shape model and bulk density of asteroid (423) Diotima, an interloper in the Eos family, based on the disk-resolved data obtained by the Near InfraRed Camera (Nirc2) mounted on the W.M. Keck II telescope.Comment: Accepted for publication in ICARUS Special Issue - Asteroids: Origin, Evolution & Characterizatio

Microbiological assessment of aerosol generated during debond of fixed orthodontic appliances

Introduction The aims of this study were to describe bacterial load and diversity of the aerosol created during enamel cleanup after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances and to assess the effect of a preprocedural mouth rinse. Methods The study involved the sampling of ambient air adjacent to the patient's mouth during adhesive removal using a slow-speed handpiece and a spiral fluted tungsten carbide bur without water irrigation. Sampling was carried out during enamel cleanup with or without a preprocedural mouth rinse of either sterile water or chlorhexidine. Airborne particles were collected using a viable inertial impactor simulating the human respiratory tree. The bacteria collected were analyzed using both culture and molecular techniques. Results Bacteria produced during debond and enamel cleanup can reach all levels of the respiratory tree. The use of a preprocedural mouth rinse, either sterile water or chlorhexidine, increased the numbers and diversity of the bacteria in the air. Conclusions When using a slow-speed handpiece and a spiral fluted tungsten carbide bur for enamel cleanup after orthodontic treatment, the bacterial load and diversity of the aerosol produced are lower when a preprocedural mouth rinse is not used.</p

Quality assurance, benchmarking, assessment and mutual international recognition of qualifications

publishersversionPeer reviewe

Conducting sexualities research: An outline of emergent issues and case studies from ten wellcome-funded projects [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]

© 2019 Kneale D et al. This letter seeks to synthesise methodological challenges encountered in a cohort of Wellcome Trust-funded research projects focusing on sexualities and health. The ten Wellcome Trust projects span a diversity of gender and sexual orientations and identities, settings; institutional and non-institutional contexts, lifecourse stages, and explore a range of health-related interventions. As researchers, we originate from a breadth of disciplinary traditions, use a variety of research methods and data sources. Despite this breadth, four common themes are found across the projects: (i) inclusivity representations and representativeness, (ii) lumping together of diverse groups, (iii) institutions and closed settings (iv) ethical and governance barriers

<i>Fusobacterium </i>spp. target human CEACAM1 via the trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF

Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are pathogenic bacteria adapted to reside on human respiratory mucosal epithelia. One common feature of these species is their ability to target members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family, especially CEACAM1, which is achieved via structurally distinct ligands expressed by each species. Beside respiratory epithelial cells, cells at the dentogingival junction express high levels of CEACAM1. It is possible that bacterial species resident within the oral cavity also utilise CEACAM1 for colonisation and invasion of gingival tissues. From a screen of 59 isolates from the human oral cavity representing 49 bacterial species, we identified strains from Fusobacterium bound to CEACAM1. Of the Fusobacterium species tested, the CEACAM1-binding property was exhibited by F. nucleatum (Fn) and F. vincentii (Fv) but not F. polymorphum (Fp) or F. animalis (Fa) strains tested. These studies identified that CEACAM adhesion was mediated using a trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) for which no function has thus far been defined. We therefore propose the name CEACAM binding protein of Fusobacterium (CbpF). CbpF was identified to be present in the majority of unspeciated Fusobacterium isolates confirming a subset of Fusobacterium spp. are able to target human CEACAM1

Conducting sexualities research: an outline of emergent issues and case studies from ten Wellcome-funded projects [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

This letter seeks to synthesise methodological challenges encountered in a cohort of Wellcome Trust-funded research projects focusing on sexualities and health. The ten Wellcome Trust projects span a diversity of gender and sexual orientations and identities, settings; institutional and non-institutional contexts, lifecourse stages, and explore a range of health-related interventions.  As researchers, we originate from a breadth of disciplinary traditions, use a variety of research methods and data sources. Despite this breadth, four common themes are found across the projects: (i) inclusivity, representations and representativeness, (ii) lumping together of diverse groups, (iii) institutions and closed settings (iv) ethical and governance barriers

Microbiological assessment of aerosol generated during debond of fixed orthodontic appliances

Introduction The aims of this study were to describe bacterial load and diversity of the aerosol created during enamel cleanup after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances and to assess the effect of a preprocedural mouth rinse. Methods The study involved the sampling of ambient air adjacent to the patient's mouth during adhesive removal using a slow-speed handpiece and a spiral fluted tungsten carbide bur without water irrigation. Sampling was carried out during enamel cleanup with or without a preprocedural mouth rinse of either sterile water or chlorhexidine. Airborne particles were collected using a viable inertial impactor simulating the human respiratory tree. The bacteria collected were analyzed using both culture and molecular techniques. Results Bacteria produced during debond and enamel cleanup can reach all levels of the respiratory tree. The use of a preprocedural mouth rinse, either sterile water or chlorhexidine, increased the numbers and diversity of the bacteria in the air. Conclusions When using a slow-speed handpiece and a spiral fluted tungsten carbide bur for enamel cleanup after orthodontic treatment, the bacterial load and diversity of the aerosol produced are lower when a preprocedural mouth rinse is not used.</p

‘Radical interpretations’ preclude the use of climatic wiggle matching for resolution of event timings at the highest levels of attainable precision

An age model (Mark et al., 2017) for ODP 758 and the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary transition and Termination IX in the equatorial Indian Ocean is robust and accurate. No significant magnetic lock-in delay is evident at the depth of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary and the study highlights that 40Ar/39Ar geochronology is critical for dissection of the Pleistocene at the highest levels of temporal precision and minimal model-dependence. Testing of leads and lags in global-scale climate response requires independently dated timescales to reveal the fine-detail recorded by the various climate archives.PostprintPeer reviewe