The effect of aerated rock filter geometry on the rate of nitrogen removal from facultative pond effluents

Rock Filters are an established technology for polishing waste stabilization pond effluents.However, they rapidly become anoxic and consequently do not remove ammonium-nitrogen.Horizontal-flow aerated rock filters (HFARF), developed to permit nitrification and hence ammonium-N removal, were compared with a novel vertical-flow aerated rock filter (VFARF). There were no differences in the removals of BOD5, TSS and TKN, but the VFARF consistently produced effluents with lower ammonium-N concentrations (<0.3 mg N/L) than the HFARF (0.8−1.5 mg N/L)

Impact of solar shading geometry on building energy use in hot humid climates with special reference to Malaysia

External solar shading devices can substantially reduce the cooling load of buildings and large energy savings can be achieved. Hence, intercepting the radiant heat wave before penetrating to the internal environment through envelope openings is the main criterion in designing solar shading. In hot and humid climate, one draw back of using shading devices is the risk to reduce daylight level thus increases in use of artificial lighting. Therefore it is important to understand the magnitude of energy consumption for cooling and lighting when shading devices are adapted in order to analyze optimum shading as energy conservation option in high-rise office buildings. In other words, little is known about the relationship between energy use and external horizontal shading device geometry. In an attempt to elucidate these complex relationships, a simple experiment of an office room is carried out using dynamic computer simulation program eQUEST- 3 (DOE 2.2). The study indicated depth of the external horizontal overhang can be manipulated to obtain an optimum energy use in high-rise buildings. The results showed that correlation between overhang depth and energy is an important aspect compared to correlation between overhang depth with building cooling loads and daylight level, especially in tropical climate conditions

Application of natural fibre composite in the aviation industry: a review

The evolution in aviation industry continues to evolve in this current era. The aviation industry is engaged in the research, development and manufacturing of flight vehicles. The critical item such as the propulsion systems, avionics system, operating and maintenance of flight vehicle are rigorously improved year by year. The interior components of aircraft are gaining serious attention in replacing the synthetic fibre with natural fibre composite material. The researchers conducted are mainly for civil, security and transportation. However, the focus on aircraft interior still immature and need further investigation. Therefore, this paper is reviewing the potential of natural fibre in the aviation industry

Effect of Adding Calcium Hydroxide Ca(oh)2 on Molting, Growth and Survival Rate Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

This research was carried out on June 01 - June 30, 2016 at the Brackish water Aquaculture Institution Shrimp Hatchery Unit, Gelung, Situbondo, East Java. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 dose on moulting, growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveneli. The method used in this research was the experimental method, using one factor completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. P0 (control) without giving ( 0 mg/L Ca(OH) 2), P1 (Dose Ca(OH)2 1 mg / L of water), P2 (Dose Ca(OH)2 2 mg / L of water), P3 (Dose Ca(OH)2 3 mg / L water ), P4 (dose Ca(OH)2 4 mg / L of water) and P5 (dose Ca (OH) 2 5 mg / L of water). The results showed that administration of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 at a dose of 60 mg / L of water. Absolute growth was 0.56 g, 2.06 cm, daily growth rate 1.73% and survival rate was 68.33%. The hiqhest pucentage % moulting in 28 days realing was about 50 % mared at 60 mg/L Ca(OH)2

Penerapan Noodweer (Pembelaan Terpaksa) dalam Putusan Hakim/putusan Pengadilan

The reasons for the negation of criminal (Straf Uitsluitings Gronden) are reasons that allow a person who has committed a criminal offense which meets formula, but can not be convicted. The defense forced (noodweer) is the reason for eliminating the illegitimacy (wederrechtelijkheid or onrechtmatigheid), then the reason for eliminating the nature of the crime (strafuitsluitings - grond) is also said to be a reason to justify or justify acts that generally constitute a criminal offense (rechtvaardigings - grond) called fait justificatief. The results showed that the Application of noodweer the verdict or the court's ruling, it must meet two main points, namely: There was an attack. Not against all attacks can be held defense, but in attack that meets the following requirements: instantaneous; which directly threatened; against the law; deliberately aimed at the body, politeness and possessions. There should be a defense against the attack. Defense actions must meet the following requirements: the defense should be and needs to be held; defense must involve the interests referred to in the legislation that is an attack on the body (lijf), politeness (eerbaarheid) and property (goed) belongs to himself or others

Kebijakan Non Penal dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (Trafiking) (Studi Kasus Provinsi Sumatera Utara)

The title of this thesis is Non Penal Policy in Prevention and Protection Victims of Human Trafficking (A case study in North Sumatera Province). The basis for choosing this title, namely: The increasing number of victims of trafficking, although the law has clear policies seek to prevent and overcome make the Law Number 21 of 2007 on Eradication of Trafficking in Persons as an umbrella act. Based on the results of this study concluded that non penal policy in the national and local regulations, especially North Sumatra, the context of the prevention and protection of victims of trafficking is done by two approaches: 1) prior to the case, namely by strengthening prevention by each institution as a technical holders through the mechanism of inter-organizational system task force institution / SKPDs Government Ordinance No. 9 of 2008 on Procedures Mechanism Integrated Services For Witnesses and / or Victims of Crime of Trafficking in Persons and Presidential Regulation Number 69 of 2008 on the National Task Force on Crime Prevention and Trafficking in Persons (National Policy) and Governor Decree Number 54 of 2010 facilitate coordination and communication patterns between local institutions to the preparation of the work program set out in Governor Decree No. 53 of 2010 Governor on of North Sumatra Province Action Plan. 2) Victim protection efforts in the aftermath of the case through the physical and psychological recovery (post-traumatic) in the integrated services unit or DIC (Drop In Center) home safety (P2TP2A). Efforts to strengthen the non penal policy as a form of prevention of Trafficking in Persons in North Sumatra is done by: 1) maximizing the function of the Provincial Task Force through the coordination mechanisms of Article 10-19 Governor Decree No. 54 of 2010 on the Task Force on Crime Prevention and Treatment of Trafficking in Persons in North Sumatera, but not running optimally in a motivating work program on education for each so that non penal policy objectives have not synergize with the purpose and law function

Bio ceramic Zirconia/Hydroxyapatite nano composite extracted from bovine bone

These days bone and joint problem is one of the serious health issues in the whole world, millions of people are suffered from it and number is increasing with an alarming rate. Annually, there are more than million surgeries getting done in the world just because of injuries to human hard tissue system. Recently in medical applications, synthetic Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as an important material because of excellent properties such as bio affinity and high osteogenic potential. HA, particles prevent the growth of cancer cells. Recently, natural hydroxyapatite bio ceramics are extracted by normal calcinations of some bio wastes. Biologically derived natural materials such as bovine bones, fish bones, oyster shells, corals and egg shells, they have converted into useful biomaterials. Moreover, extraction of HA from bio-waste is simple, economically and environmentally preferable. The mechanical Properties of HA is low in comparison with cortical bone. As a result, incorporation of resistant oxide phase has been resistant to optimize biocompatibility and improve mechanical properties of HA. Zirconia (ZrO2), is one of the best materials which can increase the HA properties. ZrO2 is a well known material which has high mechanical properties and greater strength, low toxicity and lower magnetic susceptibility in comparison with Ti and Titanium's alloys. In the present work, HA/ZrO2 bio ceramic were fabricated in various sintering conditions and nano particle size is achieved by milling technique. HA was derived from natural sources that chosen bovine bone. Effects of ZrO2 on the composites were investigated. Adding the additive resulted in the values of higher density. Density of the sintered samples was determined by using the Archimedes method and distilled water was used as the fluid medium. The phase formation of the sintered samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The micro structural investigation of the samples was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM)