Coexistence of Magnetic Order and Two-dimensional Superconductivity at LaAlO3_3/SrTiO3_3 Interfaces

A two dimensional electronic system with novel electronic properties forms at the interface between the insulators LaAlO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$. Samples fabricated until now have been found to be either magnetic or superconducting, depending on growth conditions. We combine transport measurements with high-resolution magnetic torque magnetometry and report here evidence of magnetic ordering of the two-dimensional electron liquid at the interface. The magnetic ordering exists from well below the superconducting transition to up to 200 K, and is characterized by an in-plane magnetic moment. Our results suggest that there is either phase separation or coexistence between magnetic and superconducting states. The coexistence scenario would point to an unconventional superconducting phase in the ground state.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Micro-Hall Magnetometry Studies of Thermally Assisted and Pure Quantum Tunneling in Single Molecule Magnet Mn12-Acetate

We have studied the crossover between thermally assisted and pure quantum tunneling in single crystals of high spin (S=10) uniaxial single molecule magnet Mn12-acetate using micro-Hall effect magnetometry. Magnetic hysteresis experiments have been used toinvestigate the energy levels that determine the magnetization reversal as a function of magnetic field and temperature. These experiments demonstrate that the crossover occurs in a narrow (~0.1 K) or broad (~1 K) temperature interval depending on the magnitude and direction of the applied field. For low external fields applied parallel to the easy axis, the energy levels that dominate the tunneling shift abruptly with temperature. In the presence of a transverse field and/or large longitudinal field these energy levels change with temperature more gradually. A comparison of our experimental results with model calculations of this crossover suggest that there are additional mechanisms that enhance the tunneling rate of low lying energy levels and broaden the crossover for small transverse fields.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

JĘZYKOWO-KULTUROWE DZIEDZICTWO PRO-HUBERTOWSKIE W REGIONIE LUBUSKIM

Przedmiotem analizy w niniejszym artykulejest językowo-kulturowe dziedzictwopro-Hubertowskie w regionie lubuskim.Materiał badawczy stanowią frazy zkomponentem święty Hubert (Hubertus) ieponimy, dla których onimem bazowym jestimię świętego, obecne na terenie regionulubuskiego np. w nazwach organizacji, uroczystości,obiektów kultu i innych tekstachjęzykowych a także materialne przejawykultu św. Huberta. Został on wyekscerpowanyz publikacji internetowych, prasy lokalnej,kronik kół łowieckich oraz pozyskanyz ankiet skierowanych do kół łowieckich,z rozmów z leśnikami, myśliwymi, księżmi,dyrektorem szkoły, lokalną społecznością.Przejawem kultu św. Huberta są miejscakultu religijnego, modlitewne wezwaniaskierowane do świętego, wybór na patronaszkoły, wykorzystywanie antroponimuHubert w nazwach kół łowieckich, organizowanieuroczystości, których nazwy pochodząod imienia świętego a ich programma związek z jego postawą. Zgromadzonymateriał badawczy dowodzi znacznej skalidziedzictwa pro-Hubertowskiego, które jestważną częścią dziedzictwa kulturowego regionui kraju, zarówno w wymiarze materialnym,jak i pozamaterialnym.W ostatnich latach można zaobserwowaćożywienie tradycji Hubertowskich wregionie lubuskim, na co wpływ ma obecnyw Polsce w ostatnich kilkudziesięciu latachrozwój czci oddawanej świętemuМетою пропонованогодослідження є вивчення спадщини свя-того Хуберта в Любуському воєводствіу сферах лінгвістики та культури.Матеріал дослідження включає ви-рази з компонентом «святий Хуберт»,а також епоніми. Твірною основою та-ких мовних одиниць є ім’я вищезгадано-го святого. Зазначена лексика широкорепрезентована у воєводстві, зокрема внайменуваннях організацій, фестивалів,ритуальних місць і текстів, а також вматеріальній частині культу. Дані дослі-джень були відібрані з інтернет-джерел,місцевої преси, записів мисливських асо-ціацій, а також отримані шляхом анке-тування членів мисливських товариств,у результаті бесід з лісниками, мислив-цями, священниками, директором школита представниками місцевої громади.Проявом культу святого Хуберта є:релігійні сайти, заклики до молитов, на-йменування шкіл на честь покровителя,використання антропоніму «Хуберт»в назвах мисливських асоціацій, при ор-ганізації подій, назви і розклади заходівяких тісно пов’язані з ім’ям та життямсвятого.Зібрані дані свідчать про широкерозповсюдження спадщини святого Ху-берта, що становить істотну частинумісцевої та національної спадщини в ма-теріальному й нематеріальному аспек-тах. Крім цього, протягом останньогодесятиліття в Любуському воєводствівідбулось відродження Xубертівськихтрадицій, пов’язане з популяризацієюкульту святого

OUTLIERS DETECTION BY RANSAC ALGORITHM IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF 2D COORDINATE FRAMES

Over the years there have been a number of different computational methods that allow for the identification of outliers. Methods for robust estimation are known in the set of M-estimates methods (derived from the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation) or in the set of R-estimation methods (robust estimation based on the application of some rank test). There are also algorithms that are not classified in any of these groups but these methods are also resistant to gross errors, for example, in M-split estimation. Another proposal, which can be used to detect outliers in the process of transformation of coordinates, where the coordinates of some points may be affected by gross errors, can be a method called RANSAC algorithm (Random Sample and Consensus). The authors present a study that was performed in the process of 2D transformation parameter estimation using RANSAC algorithm to detect points that have coordinates with outliers. The calculations were performed in three scenarios on the real geodetic network. Selected coordinates were burdened with simulated values of errors to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method

An overview of the first decade of PollyNET : an emerging network of automated Raman-polarization lidars for continuous aerosol profiling

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 LicenseA global vertically resolved aerosol data set covering more than 10 years of observations at more than 20 measurement sites distributed from 63° N to 52° S and 72° W to 124° E has been achieved within the Raman and polarization lidar network PollyNET. This network consists of portable, remote-controlled multiwavelength-polarization-Raman lidars (Polly) for automated and continuous 24/7 observations of clouds and aerosols. PollyNET is an independent, voluntary, and scientific network. All Polly lidars feature a standardized instrument design with different capabilities ranging from single wavelength to multiwavelength systems, and now apply unified calibration, quality control, and data analysis. The observations are processed in near-real time without manual intervention, and are presented online at http://polly.tropos.de/. The paper gives an overview of the observations on four continents and two research vessels obtained with eight Polly systems. The specific aerosol types at these locations (mineral dust, smoke, dust-smoke and other dusty mixtures, urban haze, and volcanic ash) are identified by their Ångström exponent, lidar ratio, and depolarization ratio. The vertical aerosol distribution at the PollyNET locations is discussed on the basis of more than 55 000 automatically retrieved 30 min particle backscatter coefficient profiles at 532 nm as this operating wavelength is available for all Polly lidar systems. A seasonal analysis of measurements at selected sites revealed typical and extraordinary aerosol conditions as well as seasonal differences. These studies show the potential of PollyNET to support the establishment of a global aerosol climatology that covers the entire troposphere.Peer reviewe

Towards an optimization of turbulence effects on heat and mass transfer in evaporating and reacting gas turbine sprays

ABSTRACT In this paper, the way towards an optimization of turbulence effects on heat and mass transfer in evaporating and reacting GT-sprays is outlined. It is based on an accurate consideration of coupling between turbulence and turbulence modulation, swirl intensity and non-equilibrium effects during the vaporization. This is achieved by including a physically consistent modelling of turbulence modulation phenomena that allows to better retrieve mass and heat transport effects on the droplet surface, and therefore improves the prediction of processes, like evaporation and combustion, which in turn affect the turbulence. For this purpose, an Euler-Lagrangian method in conjunction with advanced models has been used in RANScontext and applied to the numerical study of a single gas turbine combustor configuration. a) To quantify, to control or to optimize the effects of turbulence along with the swirl intensity effects, a mixing parameter has been introduced. b) Under reacting conditions, it is shown how the evaporation characteristics, mixing rate and combustion process are influenced by turbulence. In particular, the turbulence modulation modifies the evaporation rate, which in turn influences the mixing and the species concentration distribution. It is demonstrated that this effect can not be neglected far from the nozzle for low swirl intensities (Sw.Nu.<1) and close to the nozzle for high swirl number intensities. All these findings can well be used to optimize turbulence effects in evaporating and reacting sprays. INTRODUCTION The success of some promising approaches, such as the LPP-or the RQL-concept strategies, that can help to limit gas turbine emissions, depends on a suitable homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture in the reaction zone. To achieve this goal by means of numerical simulations, an accurate determination of droplet and vapour spatial distribution and a reliable control of the interaction between the evaporating and reacting spray with the surrounding turbulent gas flow are prerequisite. As pointed out in [1, 2] a considerable amount of works have been done including diverse parameter studies (e. g. [1-5, 8-15, 20-25, 34]. However, there are relatively few experimental and numerical results devoted to the effects of turbulence characteristics on spray combustio

Fuel-Air Mixing In A Turbulent Coannular Pipe Flow Measured Using Laser Absorption With Genetic Algorithm-Based Tomographic Reconstruction And Modeled With LES

This research aims at improving the knowledge base of fuel-air mixing through measurements and modeling. The measurements are from an improved tomographic reconstruction method that is relatively easy to accomplish. A novel aspect of this research is the use of tomography for generating the RMS of fuel concentration. Measurements of fuel concentration for a mixing field were tomographically reconstructed from time resolved line of sight laser absorption measurements. The modeling is done using large eddy simulations (LES). LES predictions were compared to measurements of the mean and RMS of fuel concentration. The LES model predicted time-averaged radial fuel concentration profiles to within 5%, and overpredicted the RMS of fuel concentration slightly, predicting the trends correctly

American or British? L2 speakers’ recognition and evaluations of accent features in English

Recent language attitude research has attended to the processes involved in identifying and evaluating spoken language varieties. This article investigates the ability of second-language learners of English in Spain (N=71) to identify Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American (GenAm) and their perceptions of linguistic variation between these speech varieties. Data were gathered using a verbal-guise experiment in which respondents identified speakers’ places of origin and stated the reasons for their categorisations. Quantitative data analysis demonstrated high recognition rates for RP speakers, more often correctly identified than GenAm speakers. Qualitative data analysis showed that respondents’ knowledge of phonological variation informed the identification process and they often stated which linguistic features formed part of their mental representations of RP and GenAm. Additional resources informed accent recognition, including perceived linguistic quality, intelligibility, familiarity, and cultural associations. Patterns of misidentification revealed that, when GenAm was inaccurately identified as RP, it was ascribed high status. The findings provide an insight into the strategies, conceptual frameworks, and linguistic features which inform the accent identification process as performed by English-language learners in Spain. The results also highlight the usefulness of variety recognition items in interpreting attitudinal evaluations, especially with regard to patterns of misidentification