Effect of Prey Density on Diurnal Activity and Ovarian Development in \u3ci\u3eCalosoma Calidum\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Implications for Biological Control of the Gypsy Moth, \u3ci\u3eLymantria Dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)\u3c/i\u3e in the Midwest

Four feeding treatments were used in the laboratory to study the effects of the availability of prey on diurnal behavior and ovarian development of Calosoma calidum. Activity was closely monitored for six weeks. No significant differences were found between male and female behavior patterns. Diurnal beetle activity was found to be inversely related to prey density; in treatments where prey was available, diurnal activity declined during the course of the experiment. At the end of six weeks, dissections of female beetles showed that ovarian development and fat body quantity were dependent upon the number of prey available for consumption

Young girls embodied experiences of femininity and social class

Based on research with middle-upper class 12-13 year old school girls, we discuss how femininities were embodied and discursively reconstructed in class-based ways. The data suggests the girls understood class antagonisms within the boundaries of neoliberal discourses of responsibilisation, self-discipline, self-worth, and ‘proper’ conduct and choices. With class stripped of any structural or structuring properties, instead imparted to the fleshy sinews of the (excessive) body, the data reveals how social class was made visible and manifest in various mechanisms of, and meanings about, inclusion, exclusion, pathology and ‘normalisation.’ Thus, in explicating the ways in which the school girls embodied middle-class femininity (as the epitome of localised and everyday neoliberalism) we highlight how, in turn, ‘others’ (‘chavs’) were pathologised and deemed in need of regulation, management and governance

Sex and the Cinema: What American Pie Teaches the Young

This paper focuses upon the wildly successful blockbuster American Pie teenpics, especially American Pie 3 – the Wedding. I argue that these films, which are sited so securely within the visual and pedagogical machinery of Hollywood culture, are specifically designed to appeal to teenage male audiences, and to provide lessons in sex and romance. Movies like this are especially important as they are experienced by far more teenagers than, for example, instructional films or other classroom materials; indeed, as Henry Giroux has observed, "teens and youth learn how to define themselves outside of the traditional sites of instruction, such as the home and the school… Learning in the postmodern age is located elsewhere – in popular spheres that shape their identities, through forms of knowledge and desires that appear absent from what is taught in schools" (Giroux, 1997, p.49). In this paper I discuss whether the American Pie series is actually a "new age" effort which, via insubordinate performances of gender, contests the hegemonic field of signification which regulates the production of sex, gender and desire, or whether it is more accurately described as a retrogressive hetero-conservative opus with a veneer of sexual radicalism. In short, I intend to probe whether this filmic vector for sex education is all about the shaping of responsible, caring, vulnerable men, or is it guiding them to become just like their heterosexual, middle-class fathers? And whether, despite its riotous and raunchy advertising, American Pie really dishes up something spicy or something terribly wholesome instead

The introduction of a model of statistical data matrices encompassing original variate population methodologies

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the history, rationale, and sources of confusion of existing models and definitions of two and three dimensional statistical data matrices, and to lay a foundation for the acceptance of a standard model by suggesting clear definitions, recommendations, and modifications for a more robust model of statistical data matrices. Methods: The methodology used was documentary research concerning statistical data matrix models, an insight into the problems of these, and innovation in the introduction of a modified model. Findings: 1. A major source of confusion in the field of data matrices is the lack of standard definitions for basic concepts. 2. A major cause of the lack of standard definitions of data matrices was a transition in the definition of Q technique by its strongest proponent, William Stephenson, and his failure to acknowledge this transition. (a) The lack of a standard definition of Q contributed to the controversy of whether or not R technique and Q technique may exist in one and the same matrix. By using Stephenson’s original definition of Q, R and Q may exist in the same matrix; by using Stephenson’s revised definition of Q, restricting Q to a population of statements, R and Q may not exist in the same matrix. (b) Although Stephenson claimed to have divided the six techniques of Raymond Cattell into two methodologies, the properties of the techniques were not consistent within each methodology. Stephenson’s revised definition of Q contributed to the inconsistencies of the properties between the technique within each methodology. 3. Stephenson’s transition was precipitated by the reciprocity principle of Sir Cyril Burt. 4. Measurement scales may be unique to a variate or common at least two variates. 5. In terms of Cattell’s techniques four equivalent descriptions exist for any re-standardization. Recommendations: 1. Cattell’s six techniques should be divided into three methodologies grouped according to the dimension of the original variate population sampled. The three original methodologies were designated as follows: (a) PPV- - the statistical analysis of person population variates; (b) APV- - the statistical analysis of attribute population variates; and (c) OPV- - the statistical analysis of occasion population variates, respectively. 2. The basis of each methodology would not be the two variates of analysis, as in Cattell’s techniques, but rather the population of the individual original variate. 3. The properties of measurement scale, conduciveness to a Sort, and population are consistent within each population methodology. 4. Different population methodologies may exist in the same matrix without re-standardization if common scaling exists through each dimension. 5. Although in terms of Cattell’s techniques four equivalent descriptions exist for any re-standardization, a re-standardization can be expressed in but one manner in the original population model. 6. Re-standardization should be clearly distinguished in terms of its original and resulting variate populations. 7. In the case of an APV Sort, an additional axis was found necessary for the population of instructions. An additional designation, IPV, the statistical analysis of instruction population variates, can only be the result of re-standardization from a previous APV Sort

Pests have enemies too : teaching young scientists about biological control

The background material for teachers and the student activities that make up Pests Have Enemies Too were designed to help young scientists become aware of what biological control is and how it can be used to help manage various types of pest organisms that plague humanity. The material in this booklet is likely to be unfamiliar to most middle and early high school students and should be used to supplement existing curricula and texts on biology, ecology, and environmental education. Pests Have Enemies Too is not a curriculum; rather, it is a sequence of activities designed to give students a broad overview of biological control. The concepts presented in these materials are based on sound scientific research and should provide students with the necessary information about this very important topic so that they may make informed decisions about pest control and pest management in the future.University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignOpe

The organizational construction of hegemonic masculinity: the case of the US Navy

This article examines the construction of hegemonic masculinity within the US Navy. Based on life history interviews with 27 male officers, this study explores alternative discourses and identities of officers from three different communities in the Navy: aviation, surface warfare, and the supply corps. Definitions of masculinity are relationally constructed through associations of difference: aviators tend to draw upon themes of autonomy and risk taking; surface warfare officers draw upon themes of perseverance and endurance; and supply officers draw upon themes of technical rationality. Further,these masculinities depend upon various contrasting definitions of femininity. Finally,this article explores a series of contradictions that threaten the secure construction of masculinity within this military culture

A shifting enemy: analysing the BBC’s representations of “al-Qaeda” in the aftermath of the September 11th 2001 attacks

This article seeks to explore how the BBC made sense of the al-Qaeda phenomenon in its flagship “News at Ten” bulletin during the aftermath of the September 11th 2001 attacks. Using Critical Multimodal Discourse Analysis, it shows how the BBC’s representations function as a dynamic and continually shifting site upon which a range of fears, identities, discourses and forms of knowledge and power struggle and contend, and through which a number of different “al-Qaedas” manifest themselves. In particular, three shifting modes of visual and verbal representation are identified within the BBC’s coverage which each correspond to a separate understanding of al-Qaeda: the “Islamic” mode, the “Personalised” mode and the “Elusive” mode. These representations both draw upon and challenge the dominant discourses surrounding Islam, non-state terrorism and the identities of terrorist suspects, providing audiences with a variety of often conflicting ways of seeing and speaking about this entity. As such, the article provides insight into the complex nature of the BBC’s representations of al-Qaeda during its coverage of the September 11th 2001 attacks, and shows how such complexity serves, albeit inadvertently, to legitimise the far-reaching counterterrorism policies that were enacted in the aftermath of these attacks

“You made me look bad. And that’s not good”:The millennial cultification of Fatal Deviation, Ireland’s only martial arts film

The ultra-low-budget video-shot Fatal Deviation (1998) has become renowned in cult cinema circles as Ireland’s only martial arts action film and as a unique example of ‘badfilm’, both critiqued and celebrated for its technical ineptness. This article interrogates its classification as ‘badfilm’, analysing the ways in which it both meets and fails to meet expectations concerning its generic classification, and the role of the soundtrack in shaping these expectations. Rather than the sound being considered ‘bad’ purely due to a failure to meet recognized technical standards, I argue that critique of the soundtrack demonstrates a conflict of sonic taste frameworks and hierarchies. In addition, Fatal Deviation’s cultification is a peculiarly millennial phenomenon, associated with technological changes and changes in the social uses of media technologies from the 1990s onwards that have shifted in tandem, and I argue therefore that this process of cultification is historically contingent.</p

The supply chain of violence

Every year, more people are killed defending the environment than are soldiers from the United Kingdom and Australia on overseas deployments in war zones combined. During the last 15 years, the number of both deaths of environmental defenders, and the countries where they occur, have increased. Recorded deaths have increased from two per week to four per week over this period. These deaths are primarily related to conflict over natural resources, across a range of sectors. Of 683 total deaths, >230 were related to mining and agribusiness between 2014 and 2017. We find that rule of law and corruption indices are closely linked to patterns of killings. Using spatial data, we investigate the drivers of these conflicts and violence and seek to identify who may be most at risk and why. We argue that businesses, investors and national governments at both ends of the chain of violence need to be more accountable