Anti-Theft Protection of Vehicle by GSM GPS with Fingerprint Verification

This paper focuses on preventing car theft using microcontrollers and GSM modules. We are generating the results with better accuracy and proficiency. It can be helpful to those people who want better and more advanced security in their vehicle

Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy and safety of ghrelin on improving food intake, body composition and survival in patients with cachexia associated with cancer. © 2016 The Cochrane Collaboratio

Methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Cochrane systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials

Study question: Is methylphenidate beneficial or harmful for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents? / Methods: Electronic databases were searched up to February 2015 for parallel and crossover randomised clinical trials comparing methylphenidate with placebo or no intervention in children and adolescents with ADHD. Meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (TSA) were conducted. Quality was assessed using GRADE. Teachers, parents, and observers rated ADHD symptoms and general behaviour. / Study answer and limitations: The analyses included 38 parallel group trials (n=5111, median treatment duration 49 days) and 147 crossover trials (n=7134, 14 days). The average age across all studies was 9.7 years. The analysis suggested a beneficial effect of methylphenidate on teacher rated symptoms in 19 parallel group trials (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.77, n=1698), corresponding to a mean difference of −9.6 points on the ADHD rating scale. There was no evidence that methylphenidate was associated with an increase in serious adverse events (risk ratio 0.98, nine trials, n=1532; TSA adjusted intervention effect RR 0.91). Methylphenidate was associated with an increased risk of non-serious adverse events (1.29, 21 trials, n=3132; TSA adjusted RR 1.29). Teacher rated general behaviour seemed to improve with methylphenidate (SMD −0.87, five trials, n=668) A change of 7 points on the child health questionnaire (CHQ) has been deemed a minimal clinically relevant difference. The change reported in a meta-analysis of three trials corresponds to a mean difference of 8.0 points on the CHQ (range 0-100 points), which suggests that methylphenidate may improve parent reported quality of life (SMD 0.61, three trials, n=514). 96.8% of trials were considered high risk of bias trials according to the Cochrane guidelines. All outcomes were assessed very low quality according to GRADE. / What this study adds: The results suggest that among children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ADHD, methylphenidate may improve teacher reported symptoms of ADHD and general behaviour and parent reported quality of life. However, given the risk of bias in the included studies, and the very low quality of outcomes, the magnitude of the effects is uncertain. Methylphenidate is associated with an increased risk of non-serious but not serious adverse events. / Funding, competing interests, data sharing: Region Zealand Research Foundation and Copenhagen Trial Unit. Competing interests are given in the full paper on bmj.com. Full data are available in the version of this review published in The Cochrane Library

A Study on Pakkavatham (Hemiplegia)

The research work on Pakkavatham was chosen with an intention to give solance to the patients who are suffering from the disease. The disease hemiplegia was comparatively studied with the disease pakkavatham with reference to its etiology, clinical featurea and pathogenesis. The author had a chance of referring many siddha literature and collected more information. Vishnu chakramathirai is a internal drug and kodiveli thylam is a external medicine was chosen and a clinical trial in Govt, siddha medical college, palayamkottai was conducted with these drugs. For this 38 cases were selected in which 13 were treated in out patient ward and remaining 25 were in in patient ward. The preclinical studies of the trial drug were initiating to be encouraging. Pharmacological analysis of vishnuchakra mathirai shows 1. Anti inflammatory action and 2. Haemolytic activity. Since, complimentary therapies or manual therapies like massage and varmam plays a significant role in treatment of hemiplegia. Some of the complimentary therapy from siddha system are manipulated along with trial drugs depending upon the severity of the disease. Daily improvement was observed to assess the efficacy. The results obtained were found to be propitious. Particularly results by complimentary therapies were found to be very auspicious. No adverse reactions were found. Hence the trial drug was found to be safe and effective. From the clinical study it could be inferred that treatment with trail drugs considerably improves the functions of Viyanan – responsiple for sensory and motor activities and body movement Abanan – responsible for defaecation, micturation, menstruation and Ejaculation. Nagan: responsible for higher intellectual functions and eye ball movement. Dhevathathan – responsible for movements of eye ball, laziness, arguing, begging. Samanan – responsible for normal digestion and correction of other vayus. It could be also inferred that the trial drugs inhibit the further vascular disorders and regulate the other physiological process of the body. Available investigations in modern medicine were also considered for diagnosis and follow the prognosis of the patients. The efficacy of the trial drugs were studied by bio-chemical analysis and pharmacological analysis

Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation along with Motor Relearning on Improving Functional Mobility in Subjects with Sub-Acute Stroke

AIM OF THE STUDY: The study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation along with motor relearning on improving functional mobility in subjects with sub-acute stroke. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of the study is to enlighten the effectiveness of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation along with motor relearning in improving functional mobility in subjects with sub-acute stroke METHODOLOGY: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study design. SAMPLE SIZE: 30 subjects with sub-acute stroke with functional mobility impairment were selected. PROCEDURE: Thirty subjects aged 45 to 55 years with stroke under Brunnstrom recovery stage III and IV were selected and assigned into two groups control group and experimental group with 15 subjects each, control group received PNF and the experimental group received PNF along with motor relearning program for a period of 4 weeks. Outcome measures: Extended timed up and go test (ETUG) was used to evaluate the functional mobility before and after the treatment. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The paired t test was used for within group analysis. The t values of control group for ETUG components sit to stand, walk 1, turn, walk 2, turn sit, walk speed ware 21.469, 9.234, 35.133, 11.259, 14.587, 29.077 and p value were 0.00 through SPSS. 17 version. The paired t test was used for within group analysis. The t values of experimental group for ETUG components sit to stand, walk 1, turn, walk 2, turn sit, walk speed were 19.795, 21.500, 15.985, 14.343, 18.189, 26.858 and p value were 0.00through SPSS. 17 version. The result showed significant improvement in within group analysis. The unpaired ‘t’ test was used to analyse between groups. The F value of ETUG components walk 2 and turn sit ware 4.731, 8.217 and p value of the same were 0.038, 0.008 respectively. The result showed that there were significant difference between control and experimental group in walk2 and turn to sit components. Hence it can be concluded that PNF along with motor relearning show improvement in functional mobility that subjects treated with PNF alone

Family-led rehabilitation after stroke in India (ATTEND): a randomised controlled trial

Background: Most people with stroke in India have no access to organised rehabilitation services. The effectiveness of training family members to provide stroke rehabilitation is uncertain. Our primary objective was to determine whether family-led stroke rehabilitation, initiated in hospital and continued at home, would be superior to usual care in a low-resource setting. Methods: The Family-led Rehabilitation after Stroke in India (ATTEND) trial was a prospectively randomised open trial with blinded endpoint done across 14 hospitals in India. Patients aged 18 years or older who had had a stroke within the past month, had residual disability and reasonable expectation of survival, and who had an informal family-nominated caregiver were randomly assigned to intervention or usual care by site coordinators using a secure web-based system with minimisation by site and stroke severity. The family members of participants in the intervention group received additional structured rehabilitation training—including information provision, joint goal setting, carer training, and task-specific training—that was started in hospital and continued at home for up to 2 months. The primary outcome was death or dependency at 6 months, defined by scores 3–6 on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) as assessed by masked observers. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2013/04/003557), Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613000078752), and Universal Trial Number (U1111-1138-6707). Findings: Between Jan 13, 2014, and Feb 12, 2016, 1250 patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n=623) or control (n=627) groups. 33 patients were lost to follow-up (14 intervention, 19 control) and five patients withdrew (two intervention, three control). At 6 months, 285 (47%) of 607 patients in the intervention group and 287 (47%) of 605 controls were dead or dependent (odds ratio 0·98, 95% CI 0·78–1·23, p=0·87). 72 (12%) patients in the intervention group and 86 (14%) in the control group died (p=0·27), and we observed no difference in rehospitalisation (89 [14%]patients in the intervention group vs 82 [13%] in the control group; p=0·56). We also found no difference in total non-fatal events (112 events in 82 [13%] intervention patients vs 110 events in 79 [13%] control patients; p=0·80). Interpretation: Although task shifting is an attractive solution for health-care sustainability, our results do not support investment in new stroke rehabilitation services that shift tasks to family caregivers, unless new evidence emerges. A future avenue of research should be to investigate the effects of task shifting to health-care assistants or team-based community care. Funding: The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia

The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health:a systematic review with meta-analyses

Purpose: The present study examines the association between psychological violence and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, while comparing the specific subtypes of psychological violence and simultaneously focusing on methodological shortcomings. Method: A systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses were applied on the three main outcomes: PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Four electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science), and a total of 194 studies were included (k = 149 for meta-analyses). GRADEpro was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence from the meta-analyses. Results: Psychological violence had strong associations with the three main outcomes, with the strongest association for PTSD in both female and male victims. Coercive control was particularly associated with PTSD for female victims, while emotional/verbal and dominance/isolation had the strongest association with depression. Although the identified studies were characterized by gender bias, psychological violence appear to affect male mental health too. Discussion: Findings from the meta-analyses support the notion that psychological violence is a traumatic experience, which is strongly association with PTSD and other common mental health problems linked to trauma. GRADEpro rated the certainty of evince to be low, and thus, our confidence in the estimated effect is limited. Gender bias, the applied terminology, and other methodological shortcomings are discussed. Despite the substantial amount of research on this topic, more research is needed before we can draw any final conclusions on the effect of psychological violence on mental health.</p

Atomoxetine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Atomoxetine is prescribed to children with autism spectrum disorder having symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in this population. After screening for inclusion criteria, we identified three randomized placebo controlled trials involving 241 children. We assessed internal validity using standard Cochrane Risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used Revman 5.3 for meta‐analysis and GRADE approach to create summary of findings with grading of the quality of evidence. Atomoxetine had a benefit on improving parent‐rated hyperactivity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.73, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = −1.15 to −0.34) and parent‐rated inattention (SMD = −0.53, 95% CI = −0.93 to −0.12) but the magnitude of effects is uncertain. However, atomoxetine was also associated with increased risk of non‐serious adverse effects like nausea and vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. Atomoxetine may be effective in improving hyperactivity and inattention in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, we are uncertain about the true effect of this intervention and need more RCTs trials designed to evaluate this. Autism Research 2019, 12: 542–552. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Atomoxetine is prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). About a third of children and adolescents with autism also suffer from ADHD. We carried out an analysis of data reported from a specific kind of medication trials which had examined the effectiveness and side effects of atomoxetine in this patient population. We could find only three such trials and analyzed the reported data. Our analysis revealed that atomoxetine is effective in improving symptoms of ADHD like hyperactivity and inattention and also causes side effects like nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. However, the existing data are insufficient to provide a conclusive statement with certainty and more trials are needed for this

Revolutionizing agricultural efficiency with advanced coconut harvesting automation

The precision coconut harvesting system aims to develop an efficient system for accurately detecting coconuts in agricultural landscapes using advanced image processing techniques. Coconut cultivation is vital to many tropical economies and precise monitoring is essential for optimizing yield and resource utilization. Traditional methods of coconut detection are labor-intensive and time-consuming. The proposed computer vision-based approach automates and enhances coconut detection by analyzing high-resolution images of coconut plantations. Pre-processing techniques improve image quality and object detection algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) identify coconut clusters. Challenges like lighting variations and background clutter are addressed using feature extraction and pattern recognition. A user-friendly interface visualizes detection results, aiding farmers in timely decision-making. Extensive testing on diverse datasets evaluates system effectiveness. This model aims to advance precision agriculture, enhancing productivity and informing coconut farmers' decision-making processes. Using a CNN model, the accuracy of coconut detection based on its ripeness was 98.8%

International longitudinal registry of patients with atrial fibrillation and treated with rivaroxaban: RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting (RIVER)

Background Real-world data on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are essential in determining whether evidence from randomised controlled clinical trials translate into meaningful clinical benefits for patients in everyday practice. RIVER (RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting) is an ongoing international, prospective registry of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and at least one investigator-determined risk factor for stroke who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic stroke. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the RIVER registry and baseline characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed NVAF who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment. Methods and results Between January 2014 and June 2017, RIVER investigators recruited 5072 patients at 309 centres in 17 countries. The aim was to enroll consecutive patients at sites where rivaroxaban was already routinely prescribed for stroke prevention. Each patient is being followed up prospectively for a minimum of 2-years. The registry will capture data on the rate and nature of all thromboembolic events (stroke / systemic embolism), bleeding complications, all-cause mortality and other major cardiovascular events as they occur. Data quality is assured through a combination of remote electronic monitoring and onsite monitoring (including source data verification in 10% of cases). Patients were mostly enrolled by cardiologists (n = 3776, 74.6%), by internal medicine specialists 14.2% (n = 718) and by primary care/general practice physicians 8.2% (n = 417). The mean (SD) age of the population was 69.5 (11.0) years, 44.3% were women. Mean (SD) CHADS2 score was 1.9 (1.2) and CHA2DS2-VASc scores was 3.2 (1.6). Almost all patients (98.5%) were prescribed with once daily dose of rivaroxaban, most commonly 20 mg (76.5%) and 15 mg (20.0%) as their initial treatment; 17.9% of patients received concomitant antiplatelet therapy. Most patients enrolled in RIVER met the recommended threshold for AC therapy (86.6% for 2012 ESC Guidelines, and 79.8% of patients according to 2016 ESC Guidelines). Conclusions The RIVER prospective registry will expand our knowledge of how rivaroxaban is prescribed in everyday practice and whether evidence from clinical trials can be translated to the broader cross-section of patients in the real world